South African jurist Navi Pillay, who chaired a United Nations commission that accused Israel of genocide in Gaza and has repeatedly criticized the Jewish state’s military operations, was named the winner of the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize on Friday, defeating a field of 287 nominees that included President Donald Trump.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced the decision in Oslo, recognizing the 85-year-old former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights for her decades of work advancing international law and pursuing accountability for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.
Pillay, who previously served as a judge at the International Criminal Court and president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, will receive 12 million Swedish kronor, approximately $1.2 million, along with the Nobel medal and diploma at the annual award ceremony in Oslo on December 10.
The selection is particularly significant given Pillay’s prominent role in international investigations of Israel. She chaired the United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel, which issued reports accusing Israeli authorities of serious violations of international law during the war against Hamas.
In September 2025, the commission concluded that Israel had committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, an accusation strongly rejected by Israel, which maintained that its military campaign was directed against Hamas following the terrorist organization’s October 7, 2023, massacre.
The commission’s findings were disputed by Israeli officials, who accused the investigative body of bias and argued that it had failed to adequately account for Hamas’s actions, including the use of civilian areas for military operations.
The Nobel Committee did not specifically cite Pillay’s investigations of Israel as the reason for her selection. Instead, it emphasized her broader career in international justice, including her work against apartheid in South Africa and her contributions to international criminal law.
In announcing the award, committee chairman Jørgen Watne Frydnes described Pillay as “one of the most courageous and important legal experts of our time.”
The committee said Pillay had played a major role in establishing international legal mechanisms intended to ensure that perpetrators of atrocities could be prosecuted even when their own governments were unwilling to hold them accountable.
Pillay learned of her selection while attending an international legal conference in Nuremberg, Germany, the city where leading Nazi officials were prosecuted following World War II. The announcement came approximately 80 years after the conclusion of the historic Nuremberg trials.
Speaking to attendees after receiving the news, Pillay referred specifically to her commission’s findings concerning Israel.
“The last thing I did is the delivery of the report on Gaza, naming what’s happening there as genocide,” she said.
She also made a joking reference to President Trump, who has repeatedly expressed his desire to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.
“If you clap a little bit more, I may share this prize with Trump,” Pillay told the gathering, drawing laughter.
The remark appeared to reference Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado, who received the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize and subsequently presented her Nobel medal to Trump in January 2026.
Pillay later dedicated her award to victims of international crimes and those working to ensure that perpetrators face justice.
The Israeli government responded angrily to the announcement, with Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu’s office accusing the Nobel Committee of honoring an individual responsible for spreading false accusations against Israel.
“The Nobel Prize committee has lost its moral compass,” Netanyahu’s office declared.
“It has awarded its highest honour to a bigot who built her career around inventing and propagating blood libels against the one and only Jewish state.”
The response reflected longstanding Israeli objections to Pillay’s work on the United Nations commission, which investigated alleged violations by Israel and Palestinian terrorist organizations.
Pillay headed the commission established by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2021, following fighting between Israel and Hamas. Unlike previous investigative panels, the commission was given an ongoing mandate to examine alleged violations and their underlying causes.
Israeli officials have repeatedly criticized the commission’s composition and mandate, accusing it of disproportionately targeting Israel and failing to approach the conflict impartially.
The panel’s September 2025 report concluded that Israeli actions in Gaza met the legal definition of genocide. Israel rejected the finding, insisting that its operations were aimed at defeating Hamas and securing the release of hostages abducted during the October 7 massacre.
The Nobel announcement also coincided with a major confrontation between the Trump administration and the International Criminal Court, where Pillay served as a judge between 2003 and 2008.
Just hours after the Nobel Committee announced its decision, Secretary of State Marco Rubio unveiled sweeping new American sanctions against the ICC itself, extending earlier restrictions imposed on individual judges and prosecutors.
The administration has accused the Hague-based court of exceeding its authority by pursuing investigations and prosecutions involving American personnel and Israeli officials, despite neither country being a member of the tribunal.
The ICC previously issued arrest warrants for Netanyahu and former Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant over allegations concerning Israel’s military campaign in Gaza. Israel has rejected the charges and disputed the court’s jurisdiction.
The latest American sanctions are intended to restrict the court’s financial operations and access to services provided by American businesses.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee, meanwhile, framed its selection of Pillay as a defense of international legal institutions facing mounting political pressure.
“The system of international law is under tremendous pressure, and its institutions are under attack,” the committee said in its official announcement.
“We see a shift towards power politics at the expense of legal frameworks and global respect for law and justice. Whenever might overtakes right, it undermines stability, trust and peaceful co-existence.”
Committee chairman Jørgen Watne Frydnes emphasized the responsibility of governments to respect international legal institutions, warning that the erosion of those institutions could undermine international stability.
Pillay’s career began in South Africa during the apartheid era. Born in Durban in 1941 to a family of Indian Tamil descent, she entered the legal profession at a time when racial discrimination severely restricted opportunities for nonwhite South Africans.
In 1967, she became the first woman to establish a law practice in Natal, representing individuals who faced discrimination under the apartheid system.
Her legal work included defending anti-apartheid activists, among them Nelson Mandela, and advocating for prisoners’ rights.
After the end of apartheid, she became the first nonwhite woman appointed to South Africa’s High Court in 1995.
She subsequently moved into international criminal justice, serving on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, where she eventually became president.
During her tenure, the tribunal issued landmark rulings recognizing sexual violence as a crime that could constitute genocide and crimes against humanity.
Pillay later joined the International Criminal Court, serving from 2003 until 2008, before becoming the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, a position she held until 2014.
She currently serves as an ad hoc judge at the International Court of Justice in proceedings involving allegations of genocide against Myanmar’s Rohingya Muslim minority.
The 2026 Nobel Peace Prize makes Pillay the fifth South African recipient of the honor, following Albert Luthuli, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee considered 287 nominations for this year’s award, including individuals and organizations. Under Nobel rules, the identities of nominees and nominators are kept confidential for 50 years, although those who submit nominations may disclose them independently.
President Trump was among the publicly reported nominees. He had repeatedly argued that his diplomatic efforts to end international conflicts merited recognition by the Nobel Committee.
Unlike in previous years, however, Trump did not mount an extensive public campaign for the award in the period immediately preceding Friday’s announcement.
Speaking Wednesday about the possibility of winning, Trump acknowledged his uncertainty about the committee’s decision.
“I don’t know what the decision is going to be. They have a reputation for perhaps not giving it to people like me,” he said.
The Peace Prize announcement concluded the main series of Nobel selections for 2026, following awards in medicine, physics, chemistry and literature.
The medicine prize went to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for their work developing optogenetics, a technique that allows scientists to control nerve-cell activity using light.
The physics prize was awarded to Francis Halzen for advances in detecting neutrinos in Antarctica, while the chemistry prize went to Henri Boris Kagan and Kensō Soai.
Canadian poet Anne Carson received the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday. The final award, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, is scheduled to be announced Monday.