Rav Yitzchok Zilberstein: May a Daf Yomi Shiur or Avos Ubanim Be Held on Shabbos That Falls on Erev Tishah B’Av?
As Shabbos approaches—this year coinciding with Erev Tishah B’Av—many maggidei shiur have sought clarity regarding the halachic permissibility of delivering their regular Daf Yomi and Avos Ubanim programs during this time.
In response to these inquiries, Rav Yitzchok Zilberstein, renowned posek, rov of Ramat Elchonon and member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah, issued a p’sak permitting the continuation of both Daf Yomi shiurim and Avos Ubanim programs this Shabbos afternoon, despite it being the eve of Tish B’Av.
The ruling, publicized on the Siach Yitzchok hotline by Rav Zilberstein’s grandson, Rav Chaim Malin, addresses a nuanced halachic dilemma. On Tishah B’Av, one may only study specific sections of Torah that pertain to the churban and aveilus. Consequently, on years when Erev Tishah B’Av does not fall on Shabbos, the Daf Yomi cycle is typically paused, and the missing daf is learned after the fast to maintain the schedule. However, when Erev Tishah B’Av falls on Shabbos, as it does this year, questions arise as to whether regular learning may proceed after midday.
Rav Zilberstein noted that the Rama (Orach Chaim 553:2) writes that on Erev Tishah B’Av, from chatzos (midday) onward, one should refrain from learning regular Torah topics, and instead focus solely on areas permitted on the fast day itself. This is because Torah brings joy to the heart, which is inconsistent with the mood of mourning. Accordingly, Pirkei Avos is not learned on such a Shabbos.
Nevertheless, the Mishnah Berurah (ibid., s.k. 8) brings the view of later Acharonim who hold that this stringency may be excessive, especially since it leads to widespread bittul Torah. The Mishnah Berurah therefore rules that one who wishes to be lenient should not be objected to.
Rav Zilberstein further pointed out that this was indeed the practice in the Radin Yeshiva, under the guidance of the Chofetz Chaim, who permitted learning after chatzos on Erev Tishah B’Av even when it fell on Shabbos. At the same time, he acknowledged that the Chazon Ish was stringent and ruled that even on Shabbos, one should only study topics permitted on Tishah B’Av.
In rendering his decision, Rav Zilberstein emphasized the practical consequences: canceling the Daf Yomi shiur would result in bittul Torah for a large group of people, many of whom would not learn anything at that time. Additionally, arranging an alternative topic aligned with the spirit of Tishah B’Av would likely not appeal to most of the participants. Therefore, he ruled that one may rely on the lenient opinion cited in the Mishnah Berurah and proceed with the Daf Yomi shiur as usual.
Rav Zilberstein also noted that this approach aligns with the position of his late father-in-law, Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv zt”l, who held that while public displays of learning that contradict the Rama’s ruling should be avoided, if canceling the shiur would lead to bittul Torah, the shiur may be held as usual.
The ruling also extended to the popular Avos Ubanim programs. According to the p’sak, since each father learns individually with his son, this format is not considered a public gathering of Torah study. Moreover, it is difficult to expect young children to engage only in the sections of Torah permitted on Tishah B’Av. As such, failing to hold Avos Ubanim would likely result in complete loss of Torah study for the children that afternoon.
As for the option of postponing the learning until after the fast, Rav Zilberstein ruled that this is not a justification to nullify Torah study now. “Bittul Torah,” he said, “remains an issue even today.”
{Matzav.com}