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Beneath the streets and buildings of New York City, remnants of the city’s earliest Jewish communities may still be waiting to be discovered, including long-forgotten mikvaos that once served generations of Jewish families.

A researcher at the City University of New York is attempting to locate these historic ritual baths, using archival records, old maps and archaeological evidence to reconstruct a largely overlooked chapter of Jewish life in America.

Miriam Entin, a doctoral researcher specializing in the archaeology of Jewish New York, is examining the locations of mikvaos established by Jewish communities dating back centuries, many of which disappeared as neighborhoods were demolished, rebuilt and transformed.

Despite nearly 400 years of Jewish settlement in New York, archaeologists have identified only three historic mikvaos in the city, a remarkably small number considering the central role of the mikvah in traditional Jewish communal life.

Entin believes that additional sites may remain beneath existing buildings, sidewalks and streets, preserved by the successive layers of construction that have reshaped Manhattan and other parts of the city.

Her research seeks to identify where these facilities once stood and determine whether any physical evidence has survived.

One of the most striking discoveries occurred in 2003, when construction workers preparing a residential development on Manhattan’s Lower East Side uncovered a tiled structure beneath an asphalt lot.

A backhoe exposed a white-tiled wall, prompting archaeologists to investigate the site more carefully. As they excavated, they uncovered marble steps descending into a rectangular pool, with a Magen Dovid formed from blue hexagonal tiles at the center of its floor.

Historical research established that Congregation Moshcisker Chevrah Gur Arye had occupied the property on East Third Street. Investigators concluded that the structure was likely a mikvah associated with the congregation.

The discovery offered a rare physical glimpse into the religious life of Jewish immigrants who had lived in the neighborhood more than a century earlier.

At the height of Jewish immigration to the Lower East Side, the neighborhood was home to hundreds of shuls and an enormous population of Jews, many of whom had fled poverty, persecution and pogroms in Eastern Europe.

One archaeological report noted that more than 500 congregations operated within an area covering less than one square mile during the early twentieth century. Some congregations rented rooms in tenement buildings, sharing space with other communal institutions.

For observant Jewish families, access to a kosher mikvah was an essential part of maintaining Jewish life in their new surroundings. Yet establishing and operating such facilities in overcrowded urban neighborhoods presented significant practical challenges.

Water supplies, sanitation, limited space and the expense of maintaining buildings all affected how mikvaos were constructed and operated.

Entin’s research concentrates particularly on the period between 1880 and 1920, when Jewish immigration transformed the Lower East Side and other neighborhoods throughout New York.

Rather than relying exclusively on archaeological excavations, she has been studying old Yiddish newspaper advertisements, historical property records and fire insurance maps.

The advertisements frequently identified the addresses of mikvaos and sometimes named the rabbonim responsible for supervising them. Other notices advertised their facilities or announced that properties were being offered for sale.

Fire insurance maps provide another source of evidence, recording the layout and uses of buildings during different periods.

By comparing maps published years apart, Entin can sometimes determine approximately when a mikvah opened, closed or disappeared.

“You can see, ‘Oh, in 1903 it says baths, but then in 1920 it doesn’t,’ so you know the mikveh was probably sold or demolished in between,” she explained.

In a report on her research published earlier this year, Entin said she had identified 38 historical mikvaos in New York City using advertisements and archaeological documentation. Her continuing research has expanded the picture considerably, identifying dozens of additional sites across the metropolitan area.

The locations extend beyond Manhattan to Brooklyn and the Bronx, with other historical mikvaos identified in Newark, New Jersey, and Philadelphia.

Entin is developing what she hopes will become the first comprehensive database of historic mikvaos in New York City, documenting their locations and the communities they served.

She has not yet publicly released the complete list of sites, explaining that the findings form part of her doctoral dissertation.

The researcher believes that some of the structures were destroyed during redevelopment projects, while others may remain intact beneath buildings that have undergone repeated renovations.

“Some of them were definitely destroyed. We know that a mikveh existed in a certain building, and now that building is a hotel, so there’s probably nothing there anymore,” she said.

“But there are almost certainly ones that exist intact in certain tenement basements and the landlord’s kind of waiting for somebody to knock on the door and ask about it.”

The difficulty of finding such sites reflects the realities of archaeology in a densely developed city.

Unlike archaeological excavations in open areas, researchers in New York generally have limited opportunities to investigate underground structures. Excavations frequently occur only when construction or renovation projects expose previously hidden remains.

Even when significant artifacts are discovered, archaeologists often face pressure to complete their work quickly so construction can resume.

Entin’s research therefore offers a way to reconstruct historical Jewish life even when the physical remains of a mikvah have disappeared.

The three sites identified through archaeological work were all located in or near Manhattan’s Lower East Side.

One was uncovered in 2001 beneath a vacant lot on Allen Street, near the historic Eldridge Street Synagogue. Another was discovered during renovations in a building on East Seventh Street. The third was the East Third Street mikvah uncovered in 2003.

The Allen Street discovery was particularly significant because researchers found a ritual bath associated with a former Russian bathhouse dating to the nineteenth century.

That mikvah had been buried beneath debris and construction material, preserving portions of the structure long after its original use had ended.

Entin’s research has also revealed how mikvaos changed along with the neighborhoods surrounding them.

As Jewish families gradually moved from the Lower East Side to other parts of Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Bronx, communal institutions followed.

Some mikvaos closed because their congregations relocated. Others disappeared when buildings were demolished to accommodate new streets, housing developments or public works projects.

The expansion of Allen Street, for example, resulted in the destruction of numerous properties, including sites associated with historical Jewish communal facilities.

Entin has also traced advertisements for a mikvah associated with Park East Synagogue on Manhattan’s Upper East Side. Later notices indicated that the facility was offered for sale, suggesting that its operation eventually ended.

Her work draws attention to an aspect of American Jewish history that has received relatively little archaeological attention.

While historians have extensively documented New York’s old shuls, cemeteries, schools and Jewish neighborhoods, the physical infrastructure supporting the observance of taharas hamishpachah has been studied far less.

Entin said the mikvaos offer insight into the everyday experiences of Jewish immigrants, including how they maintained religious observance under difficult living conditions.

Her research, she explained, “comments on the social world, the experience of these immigrants.”

The findings may eventually help archaeologists identify promising locations for future excavations and encourage property owners to recognize historically significant structures that might remain in their basements.

For now, Entin continues examining archival records and matching old addresses with modern properties, searching for traces of the mikvaos that served New York’s earlier Jewish communities.

She expects to complete her doctoral studies later this year, with her dissertation providing a more extensive record of the ritual baths that once stood throughout the city.

New York City lawmakers are demanding that Amazon remove a Halloween decoration featuring a symbol resembling a Magen Dovid on a witch’s spell book, following complaints that the display associates a recognizable Jewish religious symbol with witchcraft and sinister imagery.

The controversy involves a six-foot-tall animated witch decoration sold online by Collective Home for approximately $219. The figure holds an open spell book bearing a six-pointed star, prompting objections from Jewish residents and elected officials who say the imagery is offensive.

Members of the New York City Council’s bipartisan Antisemitism Task Force formally raised the issue with Amazon in a letter dated October 14, calling on the company to address the product and prevent similar controversies involving religious symbols.

The complaint was signed by eight council members, including Council Speaker Julie Menin, Brooklyn Councilwoman Inna Vernikov and Councilman Eric Dinowitz.

The lawmakers argued that placing a symbol closely associated with Judaism on a witch’s spell book was particularly troubling at a time of heightened concern about antisemitism in New York City.

The controversy first emerged after a Brooklyn resident noticed the symbol on a Halloween decoration displayed outside her home. The discovery prompted complaints and brought the product to the attention of local elected officials.

The dispute has since expanded beyond the individual decoration, raising questions about how retailers review seasonal merchandise that incorporates religious imagery.

In their letter, the council members acknowledged that the six-pointed design might have been intended as a generic occult symbol rather than a deliberate reference to Judaism. Nevertheless, they said its recognizable resemblance to the Magen Dovid made its placement on the decoration objectionable.

“While it is unclear if this symbol was an attempt to depict a hexagram or another occult symbol, the Star of David is the most widely recognizable symbol of the Jewish people,” the lawmakers wrote.

They warned that the image could reinforce longstanding antisemitic stereotypes associating Jews with sorcery and supernatural wrongdoing.

“Such imagery can reasonably be perceived as demeaning to Jewish people and hurtful to members of the Jewish community. It may also incite violence against the Jewish community,” the letter stated.

The lawmakers called on Amazon to act under its policies governing hateful, discriminatory and offensive merchandise.

“We urge Amazon to immediately remove this product considering its policies concerning hateful, discriminatory, and offensive content and to consider the broader implications of making such merchandise available to the public,” they wrote.

The Brooklyn homeowner whose decoration helped bring attention to the controversy said she had not noticed the symbol when the item was installed. Her handyman had unpacked and assembled the witch, and she had not examined the spell book.

“I’m very upset, this is horrible,” the woman said, explaining that she had never intended to display anything offensive.

“I don’t want to insult any religion. I’m sensitive about these things. I’m a big supporter of Israel and the Jewish people,” she said.

She added that she intended to raise the issue with Amazon.

The controversy had already drawn criticism earlier in the week from Jewish advocates, including Moshe Spern, president of United Jewish Teachers, who argued that the decoration evoked an old antisemitic accusation portraying Jews as practitioners of witchcraft.

The organization StopAntisemitism also criticized the merchandise, pointing to a separate costume sold through Amazon depicting the fictional character Dr. Evil with a Jewish star on his ring, although the character’s original ring featured different markings.

The group’s founder, Liora Rez, called for the products to be removed, warning that the imagery could normalize harmful stereotypes.

The council members’ intervention marks an escalation from complaints by individual consumers and advocacy organizations to a formal demand from elected officials.

As of the October 16 reporting, Amazon had not responded to requests for comment, and there was no confirmed announcement that the decoration had been removed from sale.

Israeli chess players who registered for next month’s World Amateur Chess Championships in Malaysia have been left off the tournament’s final list of competitors, despite assurances from the international chess federation that it would work to facilitate their participation. One of the players says he was excluded even though he registered using a foreign passport.

The controversy has prompted demands that Malaysia be stripped of the right to host the championship, with Israeli players accusing the organizers of allowing nationality-based discrimination at an international sporting event that is supposed to be open to competitors from every member country.

The tournament, organized under the auspices of the International Chess Federation (FIDE), is scheduled to take place November 4–13 in Klang, Malaysia. However, Malaysia does not maintain diplomatic relations with Israel and prohibits Israeli citizens from entering the country under its longstanding immigration restrictions.

Lior Aizenberg, an Israeli chess player and pro-Israel activist who operates the Chess4All club in Petach Tikvah, said Saturday that he and another Israeli player were missing from the final list of participants, despite having completed the registration process.

Aizenberg said he had attempted to overcome the country’s restrictions by registering with a foreign passport, but that effort had not secured his participation.

“The Malaysian authorities are simply unwilling to allow Israelis to represent Israel at a World Championship. As far as they are concerned, Israel does not exist,” Aizenberg said.

“After 77 years of statehood, and especially following October 7, we as Israelis cannot allow such a situation to stand.”

The exclusion has raised serious questions about FIDE’s decision to award the championship to Malaysia, particularly because the international federation has previously declared that countries hosting its competitions must provide equal access to eligible players regardless of nationality.

According to Aizenberg, the problem became apparent when he contacted the tournament organizers to inquire about Israeli participation.

He said an organizer initially responded that Israelis could not compete because of Malaysia’s immigration policies, but subsequently deleted the message and indicated that a further response would be provided.

“I contacted the tournament organizer with an innocent question about participating, and immediately received a message saying he was sorry, but Israelis would not be able to play because of Malaysia’s immigration policy,” Aizenberg said in an earlier interview.

“Right afterward, he deleted the message and added another saying they would get back to me. A place that does not accept Israelis or players from any other country should not be allowed to host a world championship.”

The Israel Chess Federation subsequently indicated that FIDE had promised to make every possible effort to assist Israeli players in obtaining the visas necessary to participate.

Those assurances, however, have apparently failed to resolve the problem, with the Israeli competitors absent from the final roster following Friday’s registration deadline.

FIDE’s own official announcement inviting participants to the championship makes no distinction between countries based on diplomatic relations with Malaysia.

“All FIDE Member Federations and eligible players are invited to participate,” the federation stated in its tournament announcement.

The championship is open to amateur players with international ratings below 2300 and will feature separate men’s and women’s competitions across several rating categories.

National chess federations are permitted to register an unlimited number of eligible competitors, with participants competing in nine rounds under the Swiss tournament system.

The Israeli players argue that allowing the championship to proceed without their participation would undermine the fundamental principle that an international sporting competition must remain accessible to all eligible nations.

Aizenberg has called for the tournament to be relocated to another country, arguing that an event excluding Israeli competitors cannot legitimately claim to be a world championship.

In a separate statement, he said the word “world” should be removed from the tournament’s title if the organizers refuse to permit Israeli participation.

He also described FIDE’s decision to allow Malaysia to host the event as a “disgrace,” pointing to the federation’s established opposition to nationality-based discrimination.

The controversy is particularly significant because FIDE adopted an explicit policy in 2019 opposing the staging of international competitions in countries that refuse entry to eligible participants because of their nationality or citizenship.

That commitment followed a series of disputes involving Israeli athletes and international sporting events in countries that do not recognize Israel.

FIDE has also taken public positions against attempts to exclude Israeli chess players or prevent them from competing under the Israeli flag.

In September 2025, following a controversy at a tournament in Spain, the federation issued a statement declaring that it “strongly condemns all forms of discrimination, including on the basis of nationality and flag.”

The federation emphasized at the time that Israeli competitors were entitled to the same treatment as participants representing other member countries not subject to international sporting sanctions.

Malaysia’s restrictions on Israeli visitors have been in place for decades.

In July, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim reaffirmed that his government would continue preventing Israeli citizens from entering the country.

Malaysia’s Interior Ministry subsequently clarified that Israeli travel documents would not be recognized for entry, while Anwar warned that Israelis found inside Malaysia would be deported.

Those restrictions have repeatedly created difficulties for international sporting organizations attempting to hold competitions in the country.

In 2019, Malaysia was stripped of its right to host the World Para Swimming Championships after refusing to guarantee that Israeli athletes would be permitted to enter and compete.

The International Paralympic Committee concluded that Malaysia had failed to provide the assurances required of a host nation and transferred the event to London.

Aizenberg cited that precedent in demanding similar action from FIDE.

“What applied in 2019 must also apply today, after the war,” he said.

“The biggest problem with boycotts and attempts to delegitimize Israel through sports is our complacency,” Aizenberg said.

“It doesn’t matter whether a championship is held thousands of kilometers away and no Israelis are expected to attend, or whether it takes place close to home. The same rules should apply. These countries should no longer be allowed to host competitions without guaranteeing that Israelis can participate.”

The Malaysian controversy follows another recent incident involving Israeli chess players at an international competition.

During the Chess Olympiad in Samarkand last month, Pakistan’s national team refused to compete against Israel in the opening round.

Pakistan’s chess federation said the refusal reflected the country’s policy toward Israel and solidarity with the Palestinians.

Israel was subsequently awarded a 4–0 victory by default.

Unlike that incident, which involved one national team refusing to face another, the dispute in Malaysia concerns whether the host country’s immigration policies are preventing Israeli competitors from entering an official world championship altogether.

FIDE has not publicly announced that it will relocate the November tournament or identified any special arrangement guaranteeing that Israeli players will be admitted.

The championship remains scheduled to begin November 4 in Klang, with the Israeli players demanding intervention before the competition gets underway.

President Donald Trump revealed Friday that Israel has been providing assistance to Saudi Arabia as the kingdom battles a wave of attacks by Iranian-backed Houthi terrorists, suggesting that the growing security cooperation could open the door to a historic normalization agreement between Yerushalayim and Riyadh.

Speaking to reporters outside the White House, Trump said the Saudis were receptive to Israeli assistance and expressed renewed optimism that Saudi Arabia could join the Abraham Accords, the American-brokered diplomatic agreements that established formal relations between Israel and several Arab countries during his first administration.

Asked whether Saudi Arabia should accept Israel’s offer of assistance against the Houthis, Trump replied, “Yeah, I do.”

When a reporter asked whether he had discussed the matter with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Trump responded, “I think they will, sure. Israel’s been very helpful to Saudi Arabia. And yeah, they certainly would do that.”

The president then addressed the possibility of bringing Saudi Arabia into the Abraham Accords, a diplomatic objective that has eluded successive American administrations.

“Yeah, I think so. Maybe more than ever,” Trump said.

“The Abraham Accords is one of our great achievements. And yeah, I would say maybe more than ever. Saudi Arabia is very happy to have Israel’s support and our support,” he added.

Trump’s comments came as Saudi Arabia faced an escalating military campaign by the Houthis, whose missile and drone attacks have struck airports, energy installations and other critical infrastructure throughout the kingdom.

The attacks have intensified dramatically in recent weeks, placing additional pressure on Saudi defenses and raising concerns about the security of international air travel and global energy supplies.

Saudi officials have accused Iran of encouraging the Houthi offensive and continuing to provide the terrorist organization with weapons, training and other assistance.

The Houthis have also threatened commercial shipping in the Red Sea and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a vital passage connecting the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden.

The United Nations Security Council condemned the escalating attacks Thursday, including repeated strikes against Saudi Arabia and threats to commercial vessels.

The Saudi-led military coalition announced Friday that its air defenses had intercepted three drones targeting southern Saudi Arabia and Riyadh, two cruise missiles over the Red Sea and a ballistic missile near Yanbu, a strategically important port city on the kingdom’s western coast.

The interceptions followed deadly attacks on Saudi and Yemeni government targets, including repeated strikes against Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport.

Saudi coalition officials have reported that attacks on the airport this month have killed at least 17 people and wounded hundreds of others.

On Thursday, Houthi missiles also struck the Al-Maashiq presidential palace complex in Aden, the temporary seat of Yemen’s internationally recognized government, killing five people and wounding 16.

The attacks have created an unusual convergence of security interests between Israel and Saudi Arabia, two countries that have never established formal diplomatic relations but share concerns about Iran and its regional terrorist organizations.

Israeli reporting indicates that Jerusalem has been providing intelligence assistance concerning Houthi threats, including information relevant to missile attacks and maritime security.

The cooperation has reportedly been coordinated in part through U.S. Central Command, which maintains extensive military relationships with both countries.

However, the precise extent of Israel’s assistance remains unclear, and neither government has publicly disclosed the full details of their security arrangements.

Earlier this week, Israeli reports indicated that American officials had explored the possibility of Israel carrying out direct military strikes against Houthi targets.

According to those reports, IDF Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Eyal Zamir warned that such operations could trigger a broader regional confrontation, potentially drawing Iran into another round of fighting and complicating Israel’s security situation.

The Israeli military has already conducted operations against Houthi targets in Yemen following repeated missile and drone attacks against Israel.

Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu also hinted at Israel’s expanding regional security relationships during an interview Tuesday.

Asked whether Saudi Arabia had requested Israeli assistance, Netanyahu replied, “There are barely any Middle Eastern states that aren’t asking us for help.”

The prime minister did not identify the countries involved or specify the nature of the assistance being requested.

Trump’s remarks Friday represented an unusually public acknowledgment of the possibility that Saudi Arabia could benefit from Israeli security assistance while the two countries remain officially without diplomatic relations.

The president appeared to view that cooperation as a potential foundation for reviving normalization negotiations that had advanced considerably before the October 7, 2023, Hamas massacre.

Prior to the attack, American officials had been working toward an agreement that would have established formal relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia in exchange for a package of American security commitments and other arrangements.

The negotiations were widely regarded as one of the most significant diplomatic initiatives in the Middle East.

Saudi Arabia’s entry into the Abraham Accords would represent a major expansion of the agreements signed in 2020 by Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, with Morocco subsequently establishing diplomatic relations as well.

Unlike those countries, Saudi Arabia holds a particularly influential position in the Arab and Muslim worlds because of its political and economic power and its custodianship of Islam’s two holiest sites.

A normalization agreement between Israel and Saudi Arabia would therefore carry implications extending well beyond bilateral diplomatic relations.

However, substantial obstacles remain despite Trump’s optimism.

Saudi Arabia has repeatedly insisted that formal normalization with Israel must be accompanied by a credible pathway toward the establishment of a Palestinian state.

That demand has remained a major point of disagreement with Netanyahu’s government.

Israeli diplomatic officials have also expressed skepticism that the current security cooperation will translate into an imminent diplomatic agreement.

According to Israeli reporting today, officials familiar with the discussions said Riyadh has shown little interest in advancing normalization negotiations at the present time.

“Riyadh is showing little appetite for advancing normalization,” an Israeli source told i24NEWS.

A senior Israeli diplomatic official similarly cautioned against interpreting Trump’s comments as evidence that an agreement was close.

“There is no evidence to substantiate that we are on the verge of a dramatic move. But who knows what the future holds,” the official said.

Reports have also suggested that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman remains distrustful of Netanyahu and is closely watching Israel’s upcoming October 27 elections before considering further diplomatic steps.

The Saudi leadership has not publicly indicated that its position on Palestinian statehood has changed, even as the Houthi threat creates additional incentives for security cooperation with Israel.

In another indication of the limits of the relationship, Saudi authorities reportedly declined to permit an Israeli aircraft to enter the kingdom to evacuate passengers after a FlyDubai flight made an emergency landing on Saudi territory.

The incident underscored the distinction between behind-the-scenes security coordination and the formal diplomatic arrangements that would be required for open relations.

Iran, meanwhile, denied Friday that it was responsible for encouraging the latest Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia.

“The Islamic Republic of Iran rejects any claim that Iran has played a role in Yemeni (Houthi) operations,” Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei said.

The Iranian spokesman maintained that the Houthis make their own operational decisions and argued that further regional escalation would not serve the interests of the countries involved.

Saudi officials have rejected that characterization, accusing Tehran of continuing to support the organization despite international restrictions.

The escalating confrontation has also raised concerns about global energy markets, particularly as commercial shipping remains under pressure in both the Red Sea and the Strait of Hormuz.

Saudi Arabia, one of the world’s largest oil exporters, relies on secure maritime routes to transport energy supplies to international markets.

For Israel, the developments have created an opportunity to demonstrate the potential value of its military and intelligence capabilities to Arab governments confronting shared threats.

Trump’s comments suggest that the White House hopes to use those shared security concerns to revive a diplomatic initiative that had appeared stalled since the outbreak of the Gaza war.

For now, however, Saudi Arabia has made no public commitment to join the Abraham Accords, and Israeli officials have cautioned that the president’s optimism does not necessarily reflect progress toward an agreement.

Arab-Israeli activist Yoseph Haddad revealed today that Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu’s Likud party offered him a place among its top ten Knesset candidates and a guaranteed ministerial position in an unsuccessful attempt to persuade him to abandon his independent political campaign. Haddad also declared that his party would refuse to join any government, including one headed by Netanyahu, unless it committed to military enlistment for chareidim.

The disclosure came during a political gathering in Kfar Saba, just ten days before Israel’s October 27 elections, as Netanyahu and his political allies seek to consolidate support among right-wing voters.

Haddad, a prominent Arab-Israeli advocate for Israel who served in the IDF and was seriously wounded during his military service, is running in the second position on the electoral list of Amcha Yisrael, the right-wing party headed by former IDF Brigadier General Ofer Winter.

According to Haddad, Likud made an extraordinary effort to recruit him, offering not only a highly favorable position on its electoral list but also a senior government appointment.

“Right up until the eleventh hour, including extra time, Likud offered me a place in the top ten on its electoral slate and a promise to serve as a minister,” Haddad told participants at the gathering.

He said the offers continued until the final moments and included financial resources and other incentives intended to convince him to leave Winter’s party.

“Until the very last second, I was promised a ministerial position, a place in the top ten, budgets, everything, just to leave Amcha Yisrael and move to Likud,” he said.

Haddad insisted that he had no intention of abandoning his party, despite opinion polls suggesting that Amcha Yisrael may struggle to cross the electoral threshold required to enter the Knesset.

“I was guaranteed to become a Knesset member,” he said. “I could have traveled around Europe and sat at home with my feet in cold water, but I insisted on staying. I am a new spirit bringing light into the darkness.”

The activist also criticized Likud for attacking Winter’s party and portraying it as insufficiently right-wing, despite its strongly nationalist platform.

“Enough already. Stop attacking the most right-wing party there is and presenting it as though it isn’t right-wing,” Haddad declared.

He dismissed suggestions that Winter might ultimately align himself with Yisrael Beytenu chairman Avigdor Liberman, insisting that Amcha Yisrael remained committed to the political right and would be prepared to participate in a Netanyahu-led coalition.

However, Haddad made clear that his party’s support would come with a significant condition involving the military draft.

“We will not join any government that does not ensure military enlistment for everyone. We will fight for the rights of those who serve,” he said.

The declaration could create a serious obstacle to coalition negotiations if Winter’s party succeeds in entering the Knesset and Netanyahu requires its support to form a government alongside the chareidi parties.

United Torah Judaism and Shas have consistently opposed legislation requiring broad military enlistment of bnei yeshivos, arguing that full-time Torah study must remain protected.

Haddad, however, said his party would insist on a system that rewards military and national service.

“Those who serve will receive benefits, and those who serve more will receive more. Our entry into the government is conditional on this. Period,” he declared.

He also questioned why chareidi politicians were permitted to establish conditions for joining a government while his party faced criticism for doing the same.

“Why can Goldknopf set conditions for entering a government, and nobody attacks him?” Haddad asked, referring to United Torah Judaism chairman Yitzchok Goldknopf.

Despite his insistence on military enlistment, Haddad cautioned against broad attacks on entire communities.

“Don’t say ‘the Arabs’ and ‘the chareidim.’ As a member of a minority, I’m telling you that it hurts,” he said.

Haddad noted that Christian and Muslim soldiers have fought and risked their lives in Gaza, arguing that Israeli society should recognize individuals who contribute to the country rather than judge entire communities collectively.

The candidate also used the gathering to launch a sharp attack on former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot, who heads the Yashar party and has emerged as a major contender in the election.

Haddad accused Eisenkot of racism for comparing him politically to Mansour Abbas, chairman of the Islamist Ra’am party.

“Eisenkot compared me to Mansour Abbas just because we’re both Arabs. That’s outright racism,” Haddad charged.

He pointed to his own military service and years of advocacy for Israel as evidence that the comparison was unjustified.

“I am a disabled IDF veteran. I fought for the country and was seriously wounded. For ten years I’ve been advocating for Israel and confronting the biggest anti-Israel activists there are,” he said.

Haddad also ruled out cooperation with the existing Arab political parties, accusing their representatives of failing to condemn Hamas unequivocally.

He argued that his party could better represent Arab citizens while strengthening their relationship with the Jewish majority.

Turning to Israel’s international standing, Haddad accused the Netanyahu government of failing to defend the country’s reputation during the war.

“Right now, there is no Israeli public diplomacy. We have been badly defeated. The Israeli government has failed miserably,” he said.

Haddad maintained that Israel’s international communications efforts had collapsed and pledged that his party would pursue a more aggressive approach to presenting Israel’s position abroad.

He also criticized international organizations over conditions in Gaza, arguing that insufficient attention was being paid to the suffering of civilians under Hamas.

“Where are the human rights and women’s rights of the women of Gaza? They have no lives because of Hamas,” he said.

Haddad expressed support for facilitating voluntary emigration from Gaza, arguing that diplomatic pressure could encourage neighboring countries to accept Palestinians seeking to leave the territory.

He also stressed that his criticism of Israel’s political leadership was not limited to Netanyahu or Likud.

“Already on October 8, I said that all 120 Knesset members needed to go home, from the coalition and the opposition, because they were all part of the failed conception,” he said.

Haddad accused Netanyahu, Eisenkot and former Prime Minister Naftali Bennett of sharing responsibility for the security assumptions that preceded the October 7 massacre.

His remarks underscored the difficult political calculations facing Netanyahu as the election approaches. Although Haddad says his party would support a right-wing government, its insistence on chareidi military enlistment places it at odds with parties that Netanyahu may need to secure a parliamentary majority.

Likud has not independently confirmed Haddad’s account of the alleged offers, and his claims regarding a promised ministerial position remain unverified by the party.

Iran’s financial crisis has become so severe that terrorist organizations traditionally funded by Tehran are reportedly withholding salaries from their own fighters and sending money back to Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, according to an extraordinary disclosure Friday by Admiral Brad Cooper, commander of U.S. Central Command.

Cooper said American military operations and economic pressure have deprived Iran of at least $25 billion in oil revenue, while U.S. authorities have helped freeze nearly $350 million in Iranian cryptocurrency assets. The financial pressure has reportedly left the Revolutionary Guards struggling to pay their own personnel, forcing an unprecedented reversal in the flow of money between Tehran and its regional terrorist allies.

For decades, Iran has financed Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza and Shiite militias in Iraq, providing billions of dollars to support their military operations, weapons programs and attacks against Israel and American interests. Now, according to the American military commander, some of those organizations are reportedly being compelled to provide financial assistance to the Iranian regime itself.

“The financial strain on Iran’s military has become so significant that there are reports of Iran-aligned militia groups across the region withholding payments to their soldiers in order to funnel money back to the IRGC, which also is not paying its troops,” Cooper said in a video statement released by CENTCOM on Friday.

The commander described the development as evidence of the mounting economic damage inflicted on Iran following months of American and Israeli military operations and the continuing U.S. naval blockade.

“The sum total of these actions has imposed devastating costs on Iran’s security apparatus and the IRGC specifically,” Cooper declared.

According to Cooper, the American blockade has prevented Iran from exporting at least $25 billion worth of crude oil, depriving the regime of a major source of revenue used to finance its military establishment, terrorist proxies and weapons development.

The United States has also intensified efforts to disrupt Iran’s access to alternative financial networks, including digital currencies that Tehran has used to conduct transactions outside conventional banking channels.

Cooper disclosed that American military and government agencies have helped freeze approximately $350 million in cryptocurrency assets connected to Iran, further restricting the regime’s ability to move money internationally.

The combined pressure has reportedly affected government employees and military personnel throughout Iran.

Cooper said the Iranian government has been withholding salaries, pensions and benefits in several sectors, including oil, energy, manufacturing and construction, as well as within the country’s security establishment.

The Revolutionary Guards, which have long served as the regime’s principal instrument for financing and directing terrorist organizations throughout the Middle East, are themselves reportedly unable to meet payroll obligations.

The disclosure suggests that the economic difficulties facing Tehran are affecting the broader network of Iranian-backed armed organizations, although Cooper did not identify which individual groups had transferred funds or disclose the amounts involved.

Hezbollah, Hamas and Iraqi militias have historically relied on Iranian assistance for weapons, training, salaries and operational expenses. A reversal in that relationship would represent a significant change in the financial structure that has sustained Iran’s regional activities.

The American commander also linked the financial crisis to Iran’s continued attacks against commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most strategically important waterways.

Iran has repeatedly attempted to disrupt maritime traffic through the strait since the United States and Israel launched major military operations against the Islamic Republic in February.

Those attacks have caused international concern over the security of global energy supplies and contributed to volatility in oil markets.

Cooper said Iranian forces have become increasingly aggressive toward commercial vessels, describing their conduct as a reflection of mounting pressure on the Revolutionary Guards.

“The Islamic regime is clearly feeling the economic pain, and the IRGC is increasingly showing signs of greater desperation as a result,” Cooper said.

Despite Iranian efforts to interfere with maritime traffic, the CENTCOM commander rejected Tehran’s claims that it controls the strategic waterway.

“Let me be clear: the Strait of Hormuz is controlled by the United States and our regional partners, not Iran, and it remains open for business,” he declared.

According to CENTCOM, approximately 400 merchant vessels passed through the strait during the preceding week, with American forces helping regional partners transport more than 100 million barrels of crude oil through the waterway during that period.

Cooper said U.S. forces have helped facilitate the movement of more than 1.3 billion barrels of Gulf crude in recent months, even as American naval operations continue to restrict Iranian oil exports.

The blockade is part of a broader American campaign aimed at limiting Tehran’s ability to finance military operations and rebuild weapons capabilities damaged during the war.

More than 50,000 American military personnel remain deployed throughout the Middle East, where U.S. forces are involved in maritime security, mine-clearing operations, enforcement of the blockade and protection of regional allies.

The military campaign has also included efforts to prevent Iran from threatening commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, through which a substantial portion of the world’s oil supplies normally passes.

Cooper said more than 20 civilian mariners have been killed in Iranian attacks against commercial vessels since February.

The United States has maintained that its operations are intended to prevent Iran from using oil revenues and international financial networks to support terrorism, develop weapons and threaten neighboring countries.

Iran, meanwhile, has continued to resist American demands and has attempted to maintain limited energy exports despite the blockade.

Recent shipping data indicates that some Iranian liquefied petroleum gas and jet fuel shipments have managed to evade restrictions, although the country’s crude oil exports have been sharply curtailed.

The American commander’s financial estimates have not been independently verified, and he did not provide a detailed accounting of the alleged transfers from Iranian-backed militias to the Revolutionary Guards.

Nevertheless, his remarks represent one of the most explicit assessments yet from a senior American military official of the financial consequences of the campaign against Tehran.

The disclosure comes as Washington and regional mediators continue efforts to secure an agreement ending the conflict, while American forces maintain pressure on Iran’s military and economic infrastructure.

In his Friday statement, Cooper made clear that the United States intends to continue enforcing the blockade and protecting commercial shipping, while maintaining that Iran’s ability to finance its military establishment is being severely weakened.

Former Sephardic Chief Rabbi Rav Yitzchak Yosef delivered a sharp warning about the potential consequences of a left-wing government taking power in Israel following the upcoming elections, declaring that the prospect represents a situation of “spiritual pikuach nefesh” because of proposed changes involving Shabbos, marriage and religious life in the country.

Speaking during his weekly shiur, Rav Yosef expressed grave concern about the policies that could be introduced by parties opposed to the chareidi political establishment, pointing specifically to civil marriage and public transportation on Shabbos.

“If the left rises to power, woe to us over what will happen. Civil marriage, public transportation on Shabbos—just look at the things they are planning,” Rav Yosef said.

The Rishon Letzion accused politicians on the left of pursuing an agenda that he believes would undermine the religious character of the state and weaken the standing of Torah observance in public life.

“They really want to destroy everything. How does that man speak? The deputy chief of staff—woe to us, that was the deputy chief of staff? People served under him, someone so hostile to religion. Amazing. Who is Ehud Barak? How does he speak against religion?”

Rav Yosef’s remarks reflected his objections to public statements by prominent figures whom he views as hostile to the chareidi community and religious institutions.

He repeatedly emphasized that, in his view, the stakes extend beyond ordinary political disagreements and involve the spiritual future of the Jewish people in Eretz Yisroel.

“The fear of this, gentlemen, is spiritual pikuach nefesh. That is how I define it—spiritual pikuach nefesh. And even among us, where there are complaints and questions, why this and why that, everything must be put aside, and it must be done for the sake of Heaven.”

Rav Yosef also addressed the legacy of his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef zt”l, whose leadership and founding role in Shas remain central to the party’s identity.

He explained that although preserving his father’s legacy was an important consideration, his primary concern was the potential impact of a change in government on religious observance and the chareidi community.

“It’s not because of Maran’s legacy—that is another important reason. But primarily, it is the fear, the spiritual pikuach nefesh. If the left comes to power, what will they do to us? Are we going to take Matan Kahana as religious affairs minister? Are we going to take Elazar Stern? These are people who hate chareidim. Lieberman—are we going to take him in a wheelbarrow to the garbage? Therefore, gentlemen, this is pikuach nefesh.”

The remarks were delivered at the Yazdim shul in Yerushalayim, where Rav Yosef gives his regular weekly Motzoei Shabbos shiur, a gathering that is also broadcast to audiences throughout Israel.

His comments come amid continuing tensions over the relationship between chareidi parties and the government, particularly concerning military draft legislation and the protection of yeshiva students’ status.

In August, reports emerged claiming that Rav Yosef had privately expressed serious dissatisfaction with Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and the handling of chareidi concerns. Rav Yosef denied those reports, which had suggested that he was encouraging a break with the right-wing bloc.

In September, he publicly criticized former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot, expressing concern about the possibility of a government involving Eisenkot and other parties opposed to the existing chareidi political arrangements.

At a gathering in Ashdod, Rav Yosef also recalled disagreements he had with Eisenkot during his own tenure as Sephardic chief rabbi, including objections to arrangements involving male and female soldiers serving together in military units.

In his latest remarks, Rav Yosef again identified former Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman, former Religious Affairs Minister Matan Kahana and former minister Elazar Stern as political figures whose positions he considers threatening to the chareidi community.

His warning focused particularly on proposals concerning the relationship between religion and state, including civil marriage and public transportation on Shabbos, issues that have long been subjects of disagreement between Israel’s religious parties and their political opponents.

Rav Yosef urged that internal disagreements and complaints be set aside in light of what he described as the broader religious stakes of the election, repeatedly characterizing the situation as one of “spiritual pikuach nefesh.”

{Matzav.com}

Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu has launched a public attack against the popular Israeli Instagram news page Push, accusing it of masquerading as an independent news outlet while promoting his political opponents ahead of the upcoming Knesset elections. In a video released before Shabbos, Netanyahu urged followers to stop following the account and accused major Israeli television networks of spreading politically motivated misinformation.

The video comes as Israel’s election campaign enters its final stretch, with Netanyahu seeking to rally Likud supporters amid a closely contested race between the country’s rival political blocs.

In his remarks, Netanyahu singled out television Channels 11, 12 and 13, accusing them of presenting politically biased coverage as legitimate journalism.

“We are being flooded with fake news from the propaganda channels 11, 12 and 13,” Netanyahu said.

He then turned his attention to Push, a social media account that presents news updates to Israeli audiences, alleging that its coverage favors several politicians challenging him in the election.

“This is a page pretending to be a news page, calling itself Push, but in reality it is promoting the propaganda of Eisenkot, Lieberman, Bennett, and unfortunately also our friend Ben-Gvir,” Netanyahu charged. “This is not a news page, it is a propaganda page.”

The prime minister’s criticism was directed at former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot, Yisroel Beiteinu chairman Avigdor Lieberman, former Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir.

Netanyahu’s inclusion of Ben-Gvir was particularly notable because the Otzma Yehudit leader has been a political ally of the prime minister, although the two represent separate parties competing for votes on the right.

The prime minister urged social media users to unfollow Push rather than continue consuming what he characterized as partisan political messaging presented under the guise of news coverage.

Netanyahu also used the video to address the election itself, claiming that the two principal political blocs were evenly matched and that voter participation would therefore be especially consequential.

“Every one of your votes will decide,” he said, urging Israelis to support Likud.

The prime minister concluded with a series of campaign slogans contrasting his party with the alternatives he says could emerge from the election.

“It’s either the right or Palestine, either the right or Green. I’ll tell you something even more than that: It’s either Bibi or Tibi.”

The final phrase referred to Arab politician Ahmad Tibi, whom Netanyahu has repeatedly invoked in campaign messaging about the possibility of a government dependent on Arab political parties.

The attack on Push follows earlier criticism by Netanyahu of the Instagram account. In a separate statement earlier this month, he raised questions about the identity of those responsible for its content and whether material promoting political candidates might be connected to paid arrangements.

Netanyahu argued that audiences should be informed whenever political messaging is sponsored or produced on behalf of a candidate. Those comments raised questions about the account’s editorial independence, although the allegations did not, by themselves, establish that Push had engaged in undisclosed political advertising.

The dispute comes amid an increasingly intense election campaign ahead of Israel’s October 27 vote. Opposition figures, including Eisenkot, Bennett and Lieberman, have been exploring ways to cooperate politically despite their differences, while Netanyahu has been emphasizing the potential composition of an alternative governing coalition.

A new kashrus organization in Eretz Yisroel, Mehudar, has begun its first poultry shechitah under the personal supervision of three prominent poskim, who visited the Of Yerushalayim slaughterhouse to oversee the operation and ensure that the organization’s extensive standards and chumros were being implemented throughout the process.

The inaugural shechitah followed the formal establishment of the new hechsher, whose rabbinic leadership says it is seeking to provide the highest standards of kashrus while maintaining affordable prices for avreichim and families struggling with rising living expenses.

The rabbonim overseeing the new organization are Rav Avrohom Tzvi HaKohen, Gaavad of Hora’ah Kahalachah; Rav Simcha Rabinowitz, rov of the Mishkenos Yaakov community and author of the Piskei Teshuvos series; and Rav Shmuel Yosef Shtitzberg, a prominent rov and moreh hora’ah in Beit Shemesh.

The three rabbonim participated in a special discussion broadcast on Kav HaMeida, during which they described the extensive preparations preceding the first shechitah, the inspection procedures being implemented and their impressions after personally observing the operation.

Rav Avrohom Tzvi HaKohen explained that the foundation of a reliable shechitah operation begins with the individuals responsible for carrying it out, stressing that the personal yiras Shomayim of the shochtim and inspectors is more fundamental than any individual chumra.

“Before discussing enhanced standards and stringencies, we must speak about the most important enhancement in shechitah. The Rishonim already wrote that a shochet must possess exceptional fear of Heaven. We investigated and screened until we were left with the finest of the finest. Everyone involved in this shechitah—the shochtim, the knife inspectors, and those responsible for examining the lungs, tendons and intestines—are outstanding individuals, talmidei chachomim and yirei Shomayim. This is an exceptionally serious and qualified team, and it is the foundation upon which all the additional standards can be built.”

Rav HaKohen said the rigorous supervision extends beyond the shechitah itself and encompasses every stage of poultry processing, including the salting process.

He explained that the melichah is performed by observant Jewish workers who carefully ensure that the salt reaches all the necessary areas in accordance with halachah.

Rav Shmuel Yosef Shtitzberg described the lengthy period of planning that preceded the launch, explaining that the organization’s procedures had been reviewed and refined over many weeks to ensure that no accepted chumra from the most stringent shechitah operations in Eretz Yisroel had been overlooked.

“There were many days and weeks of preparation during which the procedures were carefully refined. Not a single standard or stringency practiced in the most mehudar shechitos in the country escaped our attention, and everything is being implemented in this shechitah. We followed the approach of Maran the Shevet Halevi, Rav Shmuel Wosner zt”l, who instructed that when dealing with the needs of the public, particularly those of yirei Hashem, one must not rely on any leniency. Everything must be performed according to the highest possible standards. That is how the entire system was established.”

The rabbonim emphasized that the new operation was designed to incorporate the standards followed by established mehadrin shechitos while providing additional oversight of the personnel, equipment and poultry being processed.

Rav Simcha Rabinowitz, author of Piskei Teshuvos, described spending considerable time alongside the inspectors responsible for examining the lungs and intestines during the inaugural shechitah.

He said he was particularly impressed by the condition of the internal organs and attributed what he observed to the careful selection of poultry from farms that follow specific feeding practices.

“I stood for many minutes beside the inspectors examining the lungs and intestines. I have previously attended shechitos and examined many chickens myself. Here, I saw complete cleanliness and the excellent condition of the internal organs. I investigated the matter and learned that they bring selected poultry from farms where the birds are not fattened with substances that cause treifos or damage to the organs. This is an outstanding hechsher, mehadrin min hamehadrin according to all opinions and approaches.”

The rabbonim also addressed the financial pressures facing families of bnei Torah, explaining that a central objective of the new hechsher is to make mehadrin poultry available at prices that do not place an excessive burden on household budgets.

They said that high standards of kashrus should not be accompanied by unnecessarily inflated prices, particularly when many avreichim are already struggling to cover their families’ basic expenses.

“Avreichim today are struggling to put bread on the table. The new hechsher has understood the needs of those who have difficulty making ends meet, so they can provide their children with poultry supervised to the highest standards—not only on Shabbos but also during the week—without charging inflated prices because of the superior hechsher.”

The launch also comes amid growing competition in Israel’s mehadrin poultry market. The new operation is being positioned as an affordable alternative to existing chassidishe hechsherim, including Kehillos, with an emphasis on maintaining strict halachic standards while reducing consumer costs.

The initiative was formally established at a gathering held at the Of Yerushalayim slaughterhouse earlier this month, where the rabbonim outlined the principles that would govern the new kashrus operation.

During that event, Danny Mizrachi, one of the owners of Of Yerushalayim, emphasized that the company’s commercial management would have no authority over the halachic decisions made by the supervising rabbonim.

“We, as the owners of the slaughterhouse, do not manage the kashrus and do not interfere with what takes place in the slaughterhouse. The rabbonim have exclusive authority over the shechitah operation! We become involved only at the marketing stage, after the poultry has been packaged and is ready. There is a complete and clear separation between the commercial side and the kashrus authority.”

The arrangement is intended to give the rabbinic leadership independent control over the shechitah, inspections and preparation procedures, without commercial considerations influencing halachic decisions.

During the discussion on Kav HaMeida, Rav Avrohom Tzvi HaKohen was asked whether he and the other supervising rabbonim would personally eat poultry produced under the new hechsher.

His response was unequivocal.

“I have never lent my name to something I do not believe in. If I signed that this hechsher is mehadrin min hamehadrin and suitable for all yirei Hashem, then certainly I want to be included among the yirei Hashem, and I will eat from this hechsher lechatchilah. This meat is coming into my home.”

The rabbonim also discussed the measures being implemented to protect the integrity of the products after they leave the slaughterhouse.

According to the supervising rabbonim, the poultry will be packaged in especially durable vacuum-sealed wrapping and marked with distinctive identification features, including security holograms designed to prevent removal or counterfeiting.

The packaging system is intended to provide what the rabbonim described as a “seal within a seal,” allowing consumers to identify the products and providing additional safeguards against substitution or tampering during distribution.

Rav Yaish Davda, a distinguished Sephardic talmid chochom renowned for his extraordinary hasmadah, has written a rare handwritten letter of chizuk to his nephew, yeshiva bochur Eliyahu Davda, who is being held in an Israeli military prison following his arrest over his military draft status. In the letter, Rav Davda draws a striking comparison between the current draft controversy and the Roman decrees against Torah learning, declaring that the true protectors of Klal Yisroel are the children learning Torah, yeshiva bochurim, avreichim and talmidei chachomim.

Eliyahu Davda was arrested by military police in the middle of the night at his parents’ home, just days before the beginning of the winter zeman. According to reports in the chareidi media, the bochur had followed the directives of Gedolei Yisroel regarding dealings with military authorities.

His arrest has generated considerable distress and anger throughout the chareidi community, prompting a series of letters of support addressed to the bochur and his parents.

Among those who have written to the family are senior members of the Moetzes Chachmei HaTorah, including Rav Moshe Maya, the senior member of the Moetzes, and Rosh Yeshiva Rav Avrohom Salim, along with other prominent roshei yeshiva.

An additional letter of chizuk has now emerged from Eliyahu’s uncle, Rav Yaish Davda, a renowned Torah scholar who rarely leaves the confines of his home and whose decision to write a personal letter is regarded as highly unusual.

The handwritten message, obtained by Matzav.com, offers both encouragement to the imprisoned bochur and an extended hashkafic discussion of the obligation to remain steadfast in Torah learning despite outside pressure.

Rav Davda begins by addressing his nephew with words of admiration, describing him as a devoted ben Torah who is constantly immersed in learning. He also praises Eliyahu’s father, Rav Yitzchok Davda, his own brother, as a righteous talmid chochom, and expresses a bracha that he merit to spread Torah and raise many talmidim.

The letter then turns to the well-known account in Maseches Brachos 61b concerning the Roman government’s decree prohibiting Jews from studying Torah.

Despite the danger, Rav Akiva continued gathering groups of Jews publicly to learn Torah. When Pappus ben Yehudah questioned why he was not afraid of the authorities, Rav Akiva responded with the famous parable of the fox and the fish.

In the parable, a fox walking along a riverbank observed fish swimming frantically to escape the nets and traps threatening them. The fox suggested that they leave the water and join him on dry land, where they could live together without fear.

The fish rejected the suggestion, explaining that although they faced danger in the water, leaving it would mean certain death. If they were vulnerable even in the environment that sustained their lives, how much greater would their danger be outside it?

Rav Akiva explained that the same principle applied to Klal Yisroel. Torah learning is the source of Jewish life, and abandoning it in response to persecution would be far more dangerous than continuing to learn despite the threats.

The Gemara relates that Rav Akiva was subsequently arrested and imprisoned for teaching Torah, while Pappus was also incarcerated, but for unrelated, insignificant matters.

When Pappus encountered Rav Akiva in prison, he acknowledged the difference between their circumstances, praising Rav Akiva for having been imprisoned over Torah learning while lamenting that he himself had been arrested for trivial matters.

Drawing on this account, Rav Davda identifies seven lessons that he believes are directly applicable to the challenges facing yeshiva bochurim today.

His first point compares the Roman prohibition against Torah study with the present military draft legislation and enforcement measures. Rav Davda describes the contemporary situation as resembling a decree of religious persecution, arguing that its underlying purpose is to undermine the Torah world in Eretz Yisroel.

He then emphasizes that the appropriate response to such pressure is an even greater commitment to Torah learning.

Just as Rav Akiva continued publicly teaching Torah despite the Roman decree, Rav Davda writes that the current circumstances demand increased hasmadah. Someone accustomed to learning one chapter, he says, should now undertake to learn two.

His third point addresses those who attempt to persuade yeshiva bochurim to enter military service, comparing their arguments to the question Pappus posed to Rav Akiva about the danger of defying the authorities.

Rav Davda warns that such persuasion can be presented in appealing language, with promises of opportunities and benefits that might appear attractive to young men.

Expanding on the fox’s invitation to the fish, he describes the message directed at yeshiva bochurim: “Become soldiers like us, and you will receive status, benefits, education and professions.”

He cautions his nephew against becoming drawn into arguments with those promoting military enlistment, writing that one should “not argue with them at all, so as not to become sullied.”

Rav Davda’s fourth lesson continues the comparison between the fox’s promises and what he regards as the spiritual dangers confronting young men who leave the protective environment of the yeshiva.

He then turns to the fish’s declaration that even in the water, the source of their lives, they faced danger. Rav Davda explains that even those who remain within the world of Torah must constantly strengthen themselves against the spiritual challenges of the generation, including inappropriate sights in the streets and the widespread waste of precious time.

His sixth point focuses on what he describes as the spiritual dangers of military life. In his letter, Rav Davda warns of serious violations of kedushah, inappropriate behavior, mockery, idle conversation and instances of chillul Shabbos that he says occur without considerations of pikuach nefesh.

The seventh lesson returns to the conclusion of the Gemara, in which Pappus expresses regret that he was imprisoned over meaningless matters while Rav Akiva was imprisoned because of his dedication to Torah.

Rav Davda writes that if it has been decreed upon a person to experience imprisonment, that experience will come about in one way or another. The distinction, he explains, is whether the imprisonment is connected to something worthwhile, such as Torah learning, or to matters of no spiritual value.

Toward the end of the letter, Rav Davda presents what he describes as the true source of protection for Klal Yisroel.

In a particularly emphatic passage, he writes that the true army consists of the children studying Torah, the yeshiva bochurim, avreichim and talmidei chachomim, whose learning provides spiritual protection for the Jewish people.

“We protect the Jewish people, and through the merit of Torah, the world continues to exist,” he writes.

He supports this declaration with the possuk in Yirmiyahu, “If not for My covenant, day and night, I would not have established the laws of heaven and earth,” which Chazal explain as referring to the indispensable role of Torah learning in sustaining creation.

Rav Davda then cites the account in Melachim II, chapter 19, describing the miraculous destruction of the Assyrian army of Sancheriv, when a malach of Hashem struck down 185,000 members of the invading force in a single night.

He notes the Gemara’s explanation that those killed included the commanders of the Assyrian forces, indicating that the total army was vastly larger.

The letter also references the possuk in Yeshayahu, “And the yoke shall be destroyed because of the oil,” together with Rashi’s explanation, based on Chazal, that the yoke of Sancheriv was broken in the merit of the oil burning in the lamps of the shuls and batei medrash.

Rav Davda points to these sources as illustrations of the protection that Torah and avodas Hashem provide for Klal Yisroel, adding that numerous other pesukim and teachings express the same principle.

He concludes with a heartfelt bracha to his nephew, expressing the hope that he will soon be released from prison and return to his learning in yeshiva.

“May it be Hashem’s will that, with His help, you will be released speedily and return to Torah learning in the holy yeshiva, marry and have children and grandchildren, and that the possuk be fulfilled in you and in us: ‘One thing I have asked of Hashem, that I shall seek: that I may dwell in the house of Hashem all the days of my life.’ Amen. May the redemption come soon. Yaish Davda, your uncle, who awaits good news. Amen.”

Eliyahu Davda, a talmid of Yeshivas Orchos Meir in the Bayit Vegan neighborhood of Yerushalayim, was arrested at approximately 4 a.m. on October 7 at his family’s home in Be’er Sheva. He was subsequently transferred to Military Prison 10 and sentenced to 20 days of imprisonment.

The arrest has prompted additional letters from prominent rabbonim, including Rav Tzion Boaron, Rav Avrohom Salim, Rav Yehudah Cohen and Rav Meir Vaknin, rosh yeshiva of Orchos Meir.

Rav Salim, in his own letter, expressed deep pain over the imprisonment and assured the bochur that the Torah world stands behind him. Rav Vaknin also called for a gathering outside Prison 10, where talmidim and rabbonim assembled to express solidarity and offer chizuk.

Attorney Shlomo Hadad, representing the Chayei Olam organization, is expected to visit Eliyahu at Prison 10 and personally deliver the letters of support and chizuk sent by Gedolei Yisroel and roshei yeshiva.

{Matzav.com}

The Gerer Rebbe is expected to issue a personal directive calling on his chassidim to vote for United Torah Judaism in Israel’s upcoming Knesset elections, a significant development following weeks of tensions between Ger and Degel HaTorah that had raised concerns about the party’s electoral strength.

The Rebbe’s message is scheduled to appear Sunday in Hamodia, the newspaper affiliated with Agudas Yisroel. It will instruct Gerer chassidim to support the United Torah Judaism and Shabbos list, represented on the ballot by the letter Gimmel.

According to the report, the Rebbe’s statement reads: “As the elections approach, I hereby ask all members of our community, may they live and be well, to vote for the United Torah Judaism and Shabbos list, whose symbol is Gimmel, Agudas Yisroel.”

The Rebbe concludes with a bracha: “May Hashem help that through this, the honor of Heaven will be increased.”

The message, reportedly prepared on Motzoei Shabbos, represents an important development in efforts to restore cooperation between Ger and Degel HaTorah ahead of the elections.

For weeks, party officials had been concerned that Ger might withhold its extensive organizational resources from the campaign, potentially weakening United Torah Judaism’s turnout operation.

Efforts to resolve the disagreement intensified Thursday, when United Torah Judaism chairman MK Yaakov Asher held a lengthy meeting with MK Yitzchok Goldknopf, a senior representative of Ger, in an attempt to reach understandings and restore cooperation between the factions.

Earlier Saturday, figures within Degel HaTorah expressed cautious optimism that an agreement with Ger could be reached, although tensions reportedly persisted over the involvement of Motty Babchik, a prominent Gerer askan.

Some Degel HaTorah officials accused Babchik of attempting to undermine the negotiations. However, no public evidence was presented to substantiate those allegations.

The dispute originated in disagreements over the proposed military draft legislation and the political pressure that should be applied to the government over delays in advancing the measure.

Ger had demanded a more aggressive response to the government’s failure to move forward with legislation addressing the status of yeshiva bochurim, while Degel HaTorah opposed adopting the more confrontational approach advocated by Ger.

Gerer representatives maintained that previous commitments to advance the legislation and increase pressure on the government had not been honored. They also argued that Ger had paid a political price for its position without securing the promised results.

The disagreement was further complicated by internal divisions within Agudas Yisroel, where tensions had developed between the faction associated with Goldknopf and MK Yaakov Tessler and the group aligned with MK Meir Porush and Chomas Toras Yisroel.

Those disputes raised concerns that the party’s internal struggles could discourage chassidim from participating in the election or weaken the organized turnout operations traditionally maintained by its constituent communities.

Additional reporting indicated that Goldknopf visited the Gerer Rebbe before Shabbos and again afterward, with discussions focusing on the wording and timing of the public announcement. The decision was ultimately made to publish the message in Hamodia without further delay.

Sources within Ger described the announcement as an effort to end speculation about the chassidus’s intentions and put to rest reports suggesting that its members might boycott the election.

The dispute had also attracted attention outside United Torah Judaism. Reports indicated that figures close to Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu were concerned about the possible electoral consequences of the disagreement and had considered becoming involved in efforts to resolve it.

Degel HaTorah, however, rejected outside intervention. According to reports, Yaakov Asher conveyed a message to Netanyahu’s office requesting that it refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of the chareidi parties.

The electoral significance of Ger’s position stems from its large, highly organized voting base, which has traditionally played an important role in United Torah Judaism’s election campaigns.

Political reporting has estimated Ger’s electoral strength at approximately one Knesset seat. Within United Torah Judaism, officials have been particularly concerned about the party’s ability to secure an eighth mandate, making the participation of Gerer voters an important factor in the campaign.

The Rebbe’s announcement addresses the immediate question of whether Gerer chassidim are being instructed to vote Gimmel. However, a separate question remains regarding the extent to which the chassidus will activate its election-day organizational apparatus.

Some reports have noted that the new announcement does not include the explicit instruction to work on behalf of the party that appeared in previous election directives. As a result, it remains unclear whether Ger’s campaign machinery will operate at its customary level.

With the November 3 elections approaching, the public declaration marks a significant change from the uncertainty of recent weeks, even as the practical details of Ger’s participation in the United Torah Judaism campaign remain to be determined.

President Donald Trump’s newly appointed White House press secretary, Katie Zacharia, is leaving her position after just five days, following a widely criticized debut at the briefing room podium and mounting questions about her professional credentials. The abrupt departure has stunned White House reporters, several of whom say her appointment was a serious miscalculation that exposed weaknesses in the administration’s communications operation.

Zacharia, who succeeded Karoline Leavitt following her departure in August, delivered her first White House press briefing Tuesday but quickly attracted criticism for appearing nervous, struggling to communicate effectively and taking questions from only three reporters before ending the session.

By Friday, her brief tenure had effectively come to an end, with White House correspondents offering sharply critical assessments of her performance and questioning how she had been selected for one of the most demanding public-facing positions in the federal government.

“Brutal,” one White House correspondent told Fox News Digital when asked to describe Zacharia’s short-lived appointment.

Another reporter said the difficulties were apparent almost immediately after Zacharia began speaking at her first briefing, particularly when compared with the performance of her predecessor.

“I knew she was out two minutes into her prepared remarks on Tuesday,” a second White House reporter told Fox News Digital. “It was just too drastically different from Karoline. We were all shocked after.

“Karoline was beautiful and hardcore MAGA … and dignified and professional and substantive. She set a new standard for press secretaries. You can’t just be hot and good on TV.”

A third correspondent expressed astonishment that Trump had selected Zacharia in the first place, arguing that the president generally demonstrates strong instincts when evaluating whether potential appointees possess the qualities needed for prominent public roles.

“Usually, he’s spot on about who has ‘it’ and who doesn’t.

“There is no excuse for Katie’s first briefing performance,” the reporter said. “In that role, you have to be the best communicator because your job is speaking to the American people on the president’s behalf. No one expected her to have all the answers or even most of them. But I expected basic communication skills that were simply not there.”

Another member of the White House press corps suggested Zacharia might have improved with additional preparation, but acknowledged that her initial performance had been exceptionally poor.

“She probably could have been better than Karine Jean-Pierre if she had more time to prepare. But it was a brutal start,” a fourth White House reporter told Fox News Digital.

The criticism extended beyond Zacharia’s difficulties at the podium. Questions about her repeated assertions that she had worked as a lawyer emerged as a potentially more damaging controversy than her handling of the briefing itself.

One correspondent described the concerns surrounding her legal credentials as a “bigger threat” to her position than the widely criticized appearance before reporters.

The questions over Zacharia’s background intensified scrutiny of the White House’s vetting process and raised concerns about whether officials had adequately examined her professional qualifications before placing her in such a prominent position.

A fifth White House correspondent offered a more complicated assessment, arguing that Zacharia bore responsibility for accepting a position for which she appeared unprepared, while also criticizing Trump for appointing her.

The reporter described Zacharia as “manifestly unqualified for” the position and suggested that questions about her embellished professional background were bound to emerge once she assumed the role.

“On the other hand, shame on the president,” the correspondent said. “He was clearly getting antsy and impulsive. He wanted his new press secretary now, and he wasn’t going to let mean old Susie Wiles tell him to wait while she convinced someone more competent and more prepared for one of the hardest jobs in government to actually take that job.”

The correspondent argued that the administration already employed experienced communications officials capable of handling the position, specifically identifying Anna Kelly and Lauren Bis as potential alternatives.

According to the reporter, those officials possessed the necessary professional skills but lacked the television-ready appearance that Trump reportedly values in high-profile public representatives.

The correspondent suggested that neither woman fit the president’s preference for “central casting,” despite their qualifications.

“He took someone who seemed like a nice young woman who was defending him on TV, doing an OK job of that, and subjected her to a massive amount of humiliation and made her a national laughingstock because he didn’t want to be told no,” the reporter said of Zacharia.

“I don’t want to say he ruined her life, but she’s gonna be a punchline for a very long time. And that’s not fair.”

The episode has also fueled criticism from reporters who believe the administration’s communications problems extend beyond Zacharia’s individual performance.

A sixth White House correspondent argued that the identity of the press secretary was ultimately irrelevant because of the difficulties involved in representing a president whose public statements and positions can change rapidly.

The reporter said it “doesn’t matter” who occupies the position under the current administration.

“Trump lies every day about everything and frequently changes his mind completely, leaving his staff looking foolish,” the correspondent told Fox News Digital.

NBC News White House correspondent Garrett Haake offered a broader assessment, arguing that the controversy surrounding Zacharia had become another distraction for the administration as the midterm elections approached.

“The ouster of now-former Press Sec Katie Zacharia highlights a bigger problem for the Trump White House two weeks til the midterms: They’re struggling to drive any message. Meandering rallies, staff stories taking up oxygen, long hard-to-hear gaggles, no briefings,” Haake wrote on X.

White House communications director Steven Cheung strongly rejected the criticism, accusing members of the press corps of ridiculing someone who had accepted a difficult government position while being unwilling to endure similar scrutiny themselves.

“There is nothing more cringe than a bunch of reporters cackling amongst themselves because they’ll never have the talent to take on a job as important as press secretary,” White House communications director Steven Cheung told Fox News Digital.

“It’s easy to sling arrows at others, but when they are on the receiving end, they’ll complain like it’s the end of the world. Reporters have the thinnest skin.”

Zacharia’s departure was confirmed Friday when Fox News senior White House correspondent Peter Doocy reported that she would be “transitioning out” of the position.

The announcement followed comments from Trump suggesting that he had personally encouraged Zacharia to reconsider whether she wanted to remain in the job.

“I just spoke to her about it. I said, ‘Katie, is this really for you?'” Trump said. “I said to her, ‘Honestly, if I were you, I’d reconsider. You think about it.

“Maybe it’s not for her,” he later added.

Trump also defended Zacharia against the intense criticism, suggesting that reporters had treated her unfairly. He denied that he had simply fired her and expressed concern about the personal toll of the controversy.

The turmoil began almost immediately after Zacharia was appointed on October 9. She formally began her duties the following week and conducted her first briefing on October 13, appearing before the White House press corps for approximately 14 minutes.

During that appearance, she answered only three questions, drawing criticism over both the brevity of the briefing and her apparent difficulty responding confidently to reporters.

Zacharia subsequently defended the abbreviated session, explaining that she had received limited preparation time and had sought to leave room in the day’s schedule for Trump to answer questions himself.

The scrutiny intensified when questions arose about her description of herself as an attorney. Zacharia, a graduate of Pepperdine University’s law school, acknowledged during a television interview that she had not passed the California bar examination and had never obtained a license to practice law in the United States.

She maintained that her professional background included work involving international legal transactions in China and defended her previous use of the term lawyer. Critics questioned whether those explanations adequately accounted for the way she had presented her credentials.

Zacharia previously worked as a senior communications adviser for Trump Media & Technology Group, the company behind Truth Social, and briefly served in a public affairs position at the Department of Homeland Security.

Her departure made her tenure one of the shortest in White House press secretary history, ending before she had an opportunity to conduct a second briefing.

Despite the controversy, Zacharia subsequently issued a public statement praising Trump and expressing gratitude for the opportunity to serve in his administration.

The White House now faces another search for a permanent press secretary following Leavitt’s departure in August. Leavitt, who had become one of the administration’s most recognizable public representatives, subsequently joined Fox News as a contributor.

Trump has indicated that he is not rushing to announce a replacement, leaving the administration to manage its communications operation during the final weeks before the November 3 midterm elections.

The United States military says Iran has failed in its efforts to shut down the Strait of Hormuz, with approximately 97% of commercial vessels attempting to cross the strategically vital waterway successfully completing their journeys despite repeated Iranian attacks. American forces are simultaneously protecting international shipping and enforcing a strict blockade on Iranian maritime trade, according to senior US Central Command officials.

US Navy Capt. Tim Hawkins, a spokesman for CENTCOM, said American military personnel have helped safeguard thousands of merchant vessels traveling through the strait, frustrating Tehran’s attempts to disrupt one of the world’s most important energy transportation routes.

The comments came after a Singapore-flagged, Cyprus-owned container ship, the GFS Pride, was struck by an Iranian projectile Wednesday while traveling through the Strait of Hormuz. The vessel caught fire and subsequently sank as crews attempted to tow it toward shore.

Speaking to Fox News Digital, Hawkins emphasized that although Iranian forces have continued targeting civilian shipping, most of their attacks have failed to prevent vessels from reaching their destinations.

“The vast majority of Iran’s attempted attacks on innocent civilian mariners transiting an international waterway, being the Strait of Hormuz, they are unsuccessful,” Hawkins said.

He credited the US military’s coordinated maritime security operations with allowing commercial traffic to continue despite the dangers posed by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

“As a matter of fact, the U.S. military has assisted in providing coordinated protection for thousands of ships that have safely transited.

“That translates to about 97% of the ships that have sought to transit the Strait of Hormuz have done so successfully without being hit by an Iranian projectile.

“But let’s be clear here. What the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran is doing is unjustified, and it’s also unsuccessful because they are not achieving their objective of closing the Strait of Hormuz,” he added.

Hawkins rejected suggestions that Tehran had succeeded in bringing shipping through the waterway to a halt, stressing that vessels were continuing to move through the strait.

“It is open, it is available for transit and we’ve seen that transit continue this very day.”

The Strait of Hormuz, which connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea, is one of the world’s most strategically significant maritime passages. Disruptions to shipping through the narrow corridor can have major consequences for international energy supplies and global markets.

CENTCOM Commander Adm. Brad Cooper also addressed the Iranian attacks in a Friday update, accusing the Revolutionary Guard of repeatedly targeting commercial vessels and causing civilian deaths.

“In recent days and months, we have seen the IRGC continually attack merchant ships transiting the Strait of Hormuz, and, in many cases, kill innocent civilian mariners.

“The International Maritime Organization reports that more than 20 civilian mariners have been killed by Iran’s attacks against commercial shipping since February,” Cooper continued.

Despite those attacks, Cooper reported that commercial traffic has continued at a substantial pace, supported by American forces working with regional allies.

“Over the last seven days alone, about 400 merchant ships have sailed through the Strait. U.S. forces have also assisted Gulf partners in shipping over 100 million barrels of crude oil during the same period, adding to the more than 1.3 billion barrels of crude we have helped regional allies ship through the Strait in recent months.”

The figures underscore the scale of the American-led effort to preserve maritime access while Iran attempts to use the strait as leverage in its ongoing confrontation with the United States and its regional partners.

Hawkins praised the American military personnel deployed across the Middle East, emphasizing that they are carrying out two demanding operations simultaneously: defending international shipping against Iranian attacks and preventing unauthorized maritime commerce with Iran.

He said “every American should be proud of American service members who are serving in the Middle East, in particular focusing on doing two things at once as it relates to Iran.

“And one is helping maintain flow through the Strait of Hormuz in the form of commercial vessels despite Iran’s unjustified aggression,” Hawkins said, noting that thousands of ships have crossed through the waterway over the last few months, “in addition to more than 1 billion barrels of crude oil.

The second component of the American mission involves maintaining a naval blockade that restricts Iran’s ability to import and export goods without US authorization.

“At the same time that they are encouraging traffic flow in support of international shipping, they are maintaining a steel wall blockade against Iran. There have been no exports or imports to Iran without U.S. permission in the form of allowing humanitarian ships to go through,” Hawkins continued.

The blockade is intended to exert economic pressure on Tehran while allowing commercial vessels serving other countries in the Persian Gulf to continue operating.

“So, that shows the precision, dedication and professionalism of our troops who are executing this complex mission — not just one — but two at the same time.”

More than 50,000 American military personnel are currently stationed throughout the Middle East, according to Hawkins, supporting maritime security operations, regional air defenses and other missions connected to the confrontation with Iran.

The latest American assurances come amid an intensified series of attacks on commercial shipping. Maritime reports indicate that at least 10 vessels were targeted in or near the Strait of Hormuz over several days this week, including six incidents in a single day, making it one of the most dangerous periods for shipping since the conflict began in February.

The GFS Pride was among the vessels hit during the escalation. The container ship caught fire after being struck and later sank near Oman. All 21 crew members were safely evacuated, according to maritime reporting.

Another cargo vessel, the Cape Dao, also sank near the strait following damage sustained in an earlier attack. One crew member was killed in that incident, underscoring the continuing dangers faced by civilian sailors.

Although CENTCOM maintains that most ships attempting the passage are reaching their destinations without being struck, the attacks have significantly disrupted commercial operations. Shipping companies face heightened security risks, increased insurance expenses and the possibility of lengthy delays.

Industry tracking has also shown that overall shipping activity remains substantially below prewar levels, even as American officials emphasize the continued movement of vessels through the strait.

Iranian authorities have repeatedly threatened to restrict access to the waterway, while American commanders insist that Tehran cannot unilaterally close an international shipping route essential to the global economy.

The confrontation has created a complex military situation in which US forces are working to protect commercial traffic moving between the Persian Gulf and international markets while simultaneously restricting maritime access to Iran itself.

Hawkins said the American mission also depends on extensive cooperation with regional governments, particularly Gulf countries facing the threat of Iranian missile and drone attacks.

He praised the readiness and professionalism of American troops and their regional partners, saying they remain committed to defending shipping lanes and protecting allied territory.

“They are highly vigilant, they are highly dedicated and they’re serving with courage and bravery. And they’re doing so alongside our regional allies and partners. It shouldn’t be forgotten that we continue to stand shoulder to shoulder with our Gulf allies and partners to help them defend their airspace from unjustified and unwarranted attacks from Iran, and we have been highly successful in working together. And will continue to do that,” he said.

House Majority Whip Tom Emmer is calling for Democratic Congresswoman Ilhan Omar to face imprisonment and deportation if a federal investigation determines that she or her father falsified immigration documents to obtain her American citizenship, escalating a bitter political confrontation surrounding the Minnesota lawmaker just weeks before the midterm elections.

Emmer, a Minnesota Republican who holds the third-highest leadership position in the House of Representatives, said the allegations against Omar must be thoroughly investigated and argued that any proven deception in the citizenship process should carry serious legal consequences.

The controversy centers on questions about Omar’s age when her father became a naturalized American citizen in 2000. Federal investigators are examining allegations that her birth year may have been misrepresented on immigration paperwork, potentially allowing her to obtain citizenship through her father’s naturalization when she otherwise would have been required to apply independently.

Omar has categorically rejected the allegations, accusing President Donald Trump and his administration of using federal law enforcement agencies to intimidate political opponents. Democratic leaders have similarly condemned the investigation, particularly after federal agents searched Omar’s Washington, D.C., residence earlier this week.

Speaking to Fox News Digital, Emmer said questions surrounding Omar’s immigration history had circulated for years and insisted that the matter should not be dismissed merely because she is an elected member of Congress.

Emmer said “there have been rumors for years” concerning Omar’s background and maintained that the investigation should establish whether any federal laws were violated.

“I would say, first, she should probably serve time in the gray bar motel and then get the hell out of here. She should go back to where she came from” if the allegations are proven to be true, Emmer said. “If it’s determined that she lied to gain citizenship, then, absolutely, she should go back to the front of the line.”

Omar, who represents Minnesota’s heavily Democratic 5th Congressional District, is a prominent member of the progressive congressional group commonly known as the Squad, which also includes Democratic Representatives Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York.

The federal investigation intensified earlier this week when agents from Homeland Security Investigations executed a search warrant at Omar’s Washington home, seizing her cellphone and other personal belongings.

The investigation reportedly concerns the circumstances under which Omar acquired citizenship after her family fled Somalia and settled in the United States during the late 1990s.

Under the account being examined by investigators, Omar’s father became a naturalized American citizen in 2000, when Omar was believed to be 17 years old.

Her reported status as a minor was significant because federal immigration law provides a pathway for qualifying children to derive citizenship through a naturalized parent, provided the applicable legal requirements are satisfied.

Investigators are examining allegations that Omar may actually have been 18 at the time, which could have affected her eligibility to acquire citizenship through her father and required her to pursue naturalization through a separate process.

The accusations remain unproven, and the existence of a federal investigation does not establish that Omar or any member of her family committed immigration fraud.

Following the search of her residence, Omar issued a defiant statement accusing the Trump administration of pursuing a politically motivated campaign against her.

“I’m ok. Make no mistake: this is an attempt to target political enemies and weaponize federal law enforcement. For ten years, Trump has targeted me with baseless lies and smear campaigns. This is just the latest escalation in his campaign of political intimidation,” Omar posted on X after the raid.

“I will not be silenced.”

The search has triggered a broader political dispute over the use of federal investigative powers against an elected member of Congress, particularly because the investigation is unfolding less than three weeks before the November 3 midterm elections.

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries and other senior Democrats have accused the administration of abusing its authority to target a prominent political opponent.

In a joint statement, Jeffries and his leadership team described the raid as “deeply disturbing and raises serious questions about the continued corrupt weaponization of the federal government against Donald Trump’s adversaries.”

Emmer rejected the allegation that the investigation was politically motivated, pointing to the fact that federal agents obtained judicial authorization before searching Omar’s residence.

The Republican leader argued that the issuance of a search warrant indicated that investigators had presented sufficient evidence to persuade a federal judge that a crime might have occurred.

“That judge had to determine that there was probable cause that a federal crime has been committed. And I’ll tell you what, as long as it was Ilhan Omar, it was going to be scrutinized to the very detail,” Emmer said.

He suggested that the investigation could finally produce accountability for allegations that have followed Omar throughout her political career.

“So, the fact that they issued the warrant in the first place and then executed it, I mean, maybe after all these years, someone is finally going to hold Ilhan Omar accountable.”

The investigation has also expanded to members of Omar’s family. Federal authorities have reportedly issued more than a dozen subpoenas seeking information about the family’s immigration history, including documents related to their arrival in the United States in 1995 and their subsequent citizenship applications.

According to additional reporting, investigators are examining possible false statements, immigration fraud and conspiracy. The inquiry could potentially lead to efforts to revoke Omar’s citizenship if federal authorities establish that it was obtained unlawfully, although any such action would face substantial legal requirements and likely court challenges.

Omar’s attorneys have meanwhile demanded the return of property seized during the search, including electronic devices and documents. They have accused investigators of failing to comply with restrictions designed to protect congressional materials and the constitutional rights of lawmakers.

The legal team has also questioned the timing of the investigation, arguing that the raid conflicts with longstanding Justice Department practices intended to prevent law enforcement actions from improperly influencing elections.

Federal officials have maintained that the search was authorized by a judge and conducted in accordance with applicable legal procedures.

The allegations have also revived questions about earlier government scrutiny of Omar’s immigration records. A review conducted during Trump’s first administration in 2019 reportedly failed to uncover evidence sufficient to pursue a citizenship fraud case.

Omar, who arrived in the United States as a Somali refugee and became an American citizen in 2000, is seeking another term in Congress from Minnesota’s 5th District.

No criminal charges against Omar have been announced in connection with the current investigation, and she continues to deny that she obtained citizenship through fraudulent means.

A historic French town hall dating back to the 19th century has been largely destroyed after rioters set it ablaze during violent anti-government demonstrations, as France endured another weekend of nationwide unrest that saw hundreds of arrests, attacks on public buildings and fierce clashes between police and radical protesters.

The devastating fire at Limoges Town Hall, in central France approximately three hours south of Paris, caused extensive structural damage to the 143-year-old landmark, including the collapse of much of its roof and the destruction of large portions of the building’s exterior.

The violence unfolded today as demonstrations over the rising cost of living entered their fourth consecutive week, with more than half a million people participating in protests across the country. Although many demonstrations remained peaceful, authorities reported widespread disorder involving masked rioters, attacks on government facilities and confrontations with security forces.

Limoges Town Hall, constructed in 1883 and officially designated a historic landmark in 1975, suffered catastrophic damage after rioters reportedly entered the building and started a fire.

Local prefect Maurice Barate described the scale of the destruction, saying that the flames had consumed much of the historic structure and caused its upper sections to collapse.

“The roof has collapsed onto lower floors, except the west wing, and two-thirds of the exterior has already disappeared,” Barate told the AFP news agency.

The prefect condemned the destruction as an intentional attack on one of the city’s most important architectural landmarks, calling it “a deliberate act by hooligans,” and a “catastrophe for heritage.”

The destruction of the town hall became one of the most dramatic incidents in a wave of anti-government protests that has spread across France, fueled by anger over living expenses and opposition to government policies.

Outgoing French President Emmanuel Macron issued a forceful condemnation of the violence today, declaring that attacks on public institutions and private property would not be tolerated.

“There is no place for violence in our republic,” Macron wrote on social media.

The president warned that those responsible for vandalizing public buildings, attacking government offices and looting businesses would face criminal consequences. He also defended the police officers deployed to maintain order and protect the right to peaceful protest.

“Those who have broken, attacked the prefectures as well as businesses, looted even our town halls, will be prosecuted and punished,” he added translated from French. “To the law enforcement forces, guarantors of the right to demonstrate, I express the support of the Nation. We will all stand united against the sowers of chaos, who seek only to bring down our institutions and prevent those who peacefully express their demands from doing so.”

Macron, who is scheduled to leave office in approximately six months, made his remarks as the escalating unrest presented another major challenge for French authorities.

French Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez said approximately 400 people had been arrested during today’s disturbances, which erupted alongside more than 100 demonstrations attended by hundreds of thousands of protesters nationwide.

Government estimates placed participation at approximately 550,000 people, while protest organizers claimed that as many as 800,000 had joined the marches. The demonstrations brought together students, labor unions, activists and other groups demanding relief from rising living expenses and improvements in public services.

In Limoges, several thousand people had participated in a demonstration before masked individuals began attacking public property. Rioters reportedly set fire to a municipal police vehicle outside the town hall, smashed windows and forced their way into the building, where they started the blaze.

Firefighters battled the flames as they spread through the historic structure and reached its roof. The building’s distinctive tower was engulfed, and sections of the roof eventually collapsed into the floors below.

The town hall was designed by architect Charles-Alfred Leclerc, who had also worked on the palaces of Versailles and the Trianon. Its architectural design was influenced by Paris City Hall, and its designation as a protected historic monument in 1975 reflected its importance to the city’s heritage.

Authorities said people were inside the building when the fire was started, including municipal employees, elected officials and police personnel. No injuries were reported among those occupants.

Elsewhere in France, masked groups attempted to force their way into municipal buildings in Lille and Calais, while a police station in Brest was also targeted. Officials reported additional disturbances in Rennes, Toulouse, Montpellier, Grenoble and several other cities.

Nuñez attributed much of the organized violence to “extremely violent, radical far-left groups,” accusing militant factions of exploiting otherwise peaceful demonstrations to attack government institutions and security personnel.

In Paris, police confronted groups of masked and hooded rioters near the Place de la République, where demonstrators hurled fireworks and other objects at officers. Security forces responded with tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowds and restore order.

The unrest also spread to Bordeaux, where shops were looted along the busy Rue Sainte-Catherine shopping district. A fire that began at a sporting goods store reportedly spread into the surrounding building, adding to the destruction.

In Marseille, Lyon and other major cities, authorities reported vandalism, attacks on public buildings and damage to commercial properties. Police said some groups moved rapidly between locations, making it difficult for security forces to contain simultaneous outbreaks of violence.

The Interior Ministry also reported that approximately 60 members of the security forces had been injured during the disturbances, including two who were transported to hospitals unconscious.

In Saint-Etienne, a protester suffered a devastating hand injury in an incident involving a police grenade. Authorities were examining the circumstances of the injury as questions arose about the use of riot-control weapons.

French Justice Minister Gérald Darmanin called for a particularly tough judicial response, urging prosecutors to seek detention for individuals accused of attacking police officers, firefighters, public buildings and businesses.

The nationwide protests have drawn support from labor organizations, student groups and activists associated with the country’s earlier Yellow Vest movement, which began in 2018 amid widespread anger over fuel taxes and living expenses.

The latest demonstrations have also focused on wages, pensions and deteriorating conditions in France’s education system, reflecting broader dissatisfaction with the government’s handling of economic and social issues.

While the overwhelming majority of participants demonstrated peacefully, the scale of the violence has raised concerns about the ability of French authorities to prevent radical groups from hijacking large public gatherings.

The destruction of Limoges Town Hall has become one of the most prominent symbols of the unrest, with officials warning that the damage to the historic building is so extensive that much of the landmark may be beyond recovery.

President Donald Trump called on Republican voters to turn out in large numbers for the upcoming midterm elections during a campaign rally in northern Kentucky on Saturday, warning that a Democratic takeover of Congress could jeopardize his administration’s accomplishments. Trump also predicted that the American military campaign against Iran would soon conclude, while claiming that US forces had destroyed Tehran’s nuclear capabilities.

Speaking in Highland Heights, Kentucky, near Cincinnati, the president delivered a wide-ranging address promoting Republican candidates in several competitive congressional races, highlighting his administration’s economic policies and outlining his positions on national security, manufacturing, trade and immigration.

Trump urged supporters to approach the November elections as though his own presidency were at stake, arguing that Republican victories were essential to protecting the policies his administration had implemented.

“In this election, I’m asking you to pretend that I’m on the ballot,” Trump told supporters at the rally, which was broadcast live on Newsmax.

He warned that Democrats could reverse much of his administration’s work if they succeeded in winning control of Congress.

“This is the most important midterm in the history of our country because we’ve gotten more things done and they can undo them,” he added.

With 17 days remaining before Election Day, Trump devoted particular attention to Kentucky’s Senate race, endorsing Republican Congressman Andy Barr against Democratic candidate Charles Booker.

The president praised Barr’s years of service in the House of Representatives and predicted that he would become an outstanding member of the Senate if elected.

“He’s been an amazing congressman,” Trump said. “He’ll be one of the great U.S. senators.”

Trump also threw his support behind Ed Gallrein, a former Navy SEAL running for Kentucky’s 4th Congressional District. He repeatedly highlighted Gallrein’s military experience and recalled being impressed by his appearance and bearing when the candidate visited the Oval Office.

Turning to the conflict with Iran, Trump declared that American military operations had eliminated the country’s nuclear capabilities, although he acknowledged that continued vigilance was necessary to prevent Tehran from rebuilding its program.

“We have to make sure it doesn’t come back. That’s what we’re doing,” Trump said. “It’s going to end very quickly.”

The president offered no specific deadline for concluding the military campaign, but expressed confidence that the fighting would end in the near future. He also predicted that gasoline prices would decline once the conflict was over, eventually dropping below their prewar levels.

A substantial portion of Trump’s speech focused on the American economy, with the president claiming that his policies had produced unprecedented results in employment, wages, exports and stock market performance. He also asserted that poverty had fallen to historically low levels.

“More Americans are working today than at any time in the history of our country,” he said.

Trump argued that the employment gains were especially significant because his administration had reduced the federal workforce by more than one million employees.

He claimed that many workers who left government employment had subsequently obtained higher-paying positions in private industry, although he did not present statistics supporting that assertion.

“What’s making America great again is the private sector,” Trump said.

The president also pointed to the performance of financial markets, claiming that the stock market had recorded 88 all-time highs since his election. He argued that the gains were strengthening retirement savings and investment accounts held by millions of Americans.

On manufacturing, Trump claimed that his administration had attracted more than $21 trillion in investment commitments and incoming capital, presenting the figure as evidence that businesses were increasingly choosing to establish or expand operations in the United States.

He specifically highlighted new automobile manufacturing facilities and what he described as approximately $600 billion in pharmaceutical construction projects.

“We’re going to make all our drugs here,” he said.

The president’s campaign message extended well beyond Kentucky as he endorsed Republican candidates in several other closely watched Senate races, emphasizing that the party needed victories across the country to preserve its legislative agenda.

In Ohio, Trump backed Republican Senator Jon Husted against Democratic challenger Sherrod Brown. He highlighted Husted’s background as a college football player and claimed that the candidate’s standing in the polls had improved by nine or ten percentage points after Trump began drawing attention to his athletic career.

Trump also promoted Republican Michael Whatley in North Carolina’s Senate contest against Democrat Roy Cooper, the state’s former governor. He credited Whatley with helping secure Republican election victories through legal efforts in North Carolina and praised his leadership of the Republican National Committee alongside Lara Trump.

The president criticized Cooper’s handling of prisoner releases during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the issue to argue that North Carolina voters should reject the Democratic candidate.

In Texas, Trump expressed support for Republican Ken Paxton in his Senate race against Democrat James Talarico. He said a survey released Saturday showed Paxton ahead, although he did not identify the poll. Trump also praised Paxton’s record as the state’s attorney general.

The president discussed the United States’ trade relationship with Canada, accusing Canadian leaders of benefiting unfairly at America’s expense while predicting that his administration would ultimately negotiate a favorable new agreement.

Trump described the prospective agreement as “amazing” and maintained that he would not accept a trade arrangement that he believed imposed a substantial financial burden on the United States.

“I do not want to lose, as your representative, $90 billion,” Trump said, characterizing the trade relationship as a financial loss.

Immigration was another major subject of the speech, with Trump warning that Democrats would reopen the southern border if they regained political power. He defended his administration’s border wall and repeated his assertion that Mexico had effectively paid for its construction through tariffs and other charges.

The rally took place at Truist Arena on the campus of Northern Kentucky University, where Trump sought to energize Republican voters ahead of elections that will determine control of both chambers of Congress.

Trump also announced a proposed $100 million Defense Department investment to revitalize a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Winchester, Kentucky, operated by Antheia. He linked the investment to Republican victories in the upcoming elections, warning that Democrats could prevent the project from moving forward if they gained control of Congress.

The Kentucky appearance was particularly important for Barr, who is seeking the Senate seat being vacated by retiring Republican Senator Mitch McConnell. His Democratic opponent, Charles Booker, previously served in the Kentucky House of Representatives.

Gallrein, meanwhile, is the Republican nominee for the congressional seat currently held by Thomas Massie, whom he defeated in the party’s primary with Trump’s endorsement. Massie had clashed with the president over several issues, including the war with Iran.

The campaign stop came amid mounting political pressure on Republicans over the economy and the prolonged military conflict with Iran. Higher fuel costs and concerns about household expenses have become important issues in the closing weeks of the election campaign, with Democrats seeking to make the administration’s economic record a central focus of the midterms.

Trump nevertheless maintained that his campaign appearances were helping Republicans regain momentum. He argued that the party’s electoral prospects had improved considerably since he began traveling around the country to promote its candidates.

Throughout the rally, the president returned to his central message that Republican voters must participate in November to prevent Democrats from reversing his policies on economic growth, national security, immigration and trade.

“Two weeks ago, they had a lot,” Trump said of Democrats. “Then I started the rallies and all of a sudden the Republican Party is starting to look very good.”

US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee issued a blistering condemnation tonight of the assault on American photojournalist Heidi Levine in Yehudah and Shomron, describing the attack as an act of terrorism and demanding that those responsible be arrested, prosecuted and sentenced to lengthy prison terms.

Levine, a 63-year-old photographer for The Washington Post, was injured Friday while covering confrontations in the Binyamin region during the annual olive harvest. The attack has drawn widespread condemnation from American and Israeli officials, with growing demands for law enforcement authorities to bring the perpetrators to justice.

In a strongly worded statement, Huckabee emphasized that Levine was an American citizen who had been clearly identifiable as a journalist when she was assaulted.

“Heidi Levine, photojournalist for the Washington Post, suffered serious injuries from vicious & cowardly attack,” Huckabee wrote. “Heidi is US Citizen, clear ID as journalist.”

The ambassador said investigators were still working to determine the identities of those involved, but insisted that anyone responsible for attacking an unarmed journalist should face severe criminal penalties.

Huckabee said the attackers’ identities remained “under investigation, but those who attacked unarmed reporter should spend years in prison.”

He stressed that the American government was demanding a comprehensive investigation and the prosecution of every individual who participated in the assault.

“We have called for a full investigation, arrest, and prosecution to the fullest extent of the law to whoever participated in this,” he stressed.

Huckabee also condemned the nature of the attack, directing particularly harsh criticism at the masked individuals accused of assaulting the photographer.

“Attacking a female photographer is despicable act of terror carried out by masked cowards. Dishonorable act of senseless violence.”

The assault took place near the village of Abu Falah, northeast of Ramallah, as Levine was photographing disturbances involving Palestinian olive harvesters and masked Israelis. Witnesses reported that a group of attackers descended on the area, assaulting several people and disrupting the harvest.

Levine, a veteran conflict photographer who has spent decades documenting events in the Middle East and other war zones, was wearing protective clothing marked with the word “PRESS” when she was attacked.

According to accounts of the incident, she was knocked to the ground, repeatedly beaten and kicked, and robbed of photographic equipment and personal belongings. She sustained four fractured vertebrae, a broken rib and numerous cuts, requiring treatment at hospitals in Ramallah and Israel.

The Washington Post condemned the assault and demanded that Israeli authorities conduct a thorough investigation. Press freedom organizations also denounced the violence, emphasizing the dangers facing journalists covering confrontations in the region.

The attack drew criticism from American lawmakers, including members of both political parties, who called for accountability and stronger measures to protect journalists and civilians.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio also addressed the incident tonight, saying the Trump administration was deeply troubled by the images and had repeatedly urged Israel to take stronger action against violence in Yehudah and Shomron.

Rubio acknowledged that he was still awaiting a detailed report from the US Embassy concerning the circumstances of the assault, but said the available accounts and video footage were deeply disturbing.

Earlier today, Israeli President Isaac Herzog personally telephoned Levine to express his regret and apologize for the violence she had experienced.

“As President of the State of Israel, I strongly condemn this outrageous and shocking violence, both the terrible attack you endured and other grave incidents of violence, such as what took place today in Taybeh,” Herzog said. “This weighed heavily on my conscience throughout Shabbat (Saturday – ed.), and I express my deep sorrow and apologize for what you went through.”

Herzog emphasized that the conduct of those responsible was contrary to Israel’s national values and that the country’s law enforcement institutions had an obligation to pursue the perpetrators.

He added, “The despicable behavior of the perpetrators of this attack does not represent the citizens or the values of the State of Israel. Israel is a democratic state governed by the rule of law, and it must act with full force against every form of violence. I know that the circumstances of each incident are being thoroughly investigated, and we await the findings. All government, security, and law enforcement authorities must use every means at their disposal to investigate thoroughly, apprehend these lawbreakers, and bring them to justice with the fullest extent of the law.”

The president concluded his remarks by extending his wishes for Levine’s recovery and expressing solidarity with her family.

“We all embrace you and your family, and on behalf of the entire nation, I wish you good health and a speedy recovery.”

The attack on Levine was followed today by another confrontation near Taybeh, where a delegation that included European diplomats and Catholic representatives reportedly came under attack during a visit connected to the olive harvest.

Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu condemned violence by Jewish extremists and announced that he had enlisted the Shin Bet to help combat the problem, while cautioning against drawing conclusions about individual incidents before investigations are completed.

Israeli police are investigating the incidents, as American officials continue pressing for the identification and prosecution of those responsible for the assault on Levine.

Israeli President Isaac Herzog personally apologized today to American photojournalist Heidi Levine, who was injured in an attack by rioters in the Binyamin region on Friday, condemning the violence and demanding that Israeli authorities identify, arrest and prosecute those responsible.

Herzog telephoned the 63-year-old Washington Post photographer following the assault, expressing his distress over what she had experienced and emphasizing that such conduct was contrary to the values of the State of Israel.

During the conversation, Herzog also denounced a separate confrontation in Taybeh today involving European diplomats, amid heightened tensions in Yehudah and Shomron during the annual olive harvest.

“As President of the State of Israel, I strongly condemn this outrageous and shocking violence, both the terrible attack you endured and other grave incidents of violence, such as what took place today in Taybeh,” Herzog said. “This weighed heavily on my conscience throughout Shabbat (Saturday – ed.), and I express my deep sorrow and apologize for what you went through.”

The president made clear that those responsible for attacking Levine did not represent the broader Israeli population and that their actions should not be attributed to Israeli society as a whole.

“The despicable behavior of the perpetrators of this attack does not represent the citizens or the values of the State of Israel.”

Herzog stressed that Israel’s democratic institutions and legal system must respond forcefully to such incidents, calling on the country’s security and law enforcement agencies to conduct comprehensive investigations and ensure accountability.

“Israel is a democratic state governed by the rule of law, and it must act with full force against every form of violence. I know that the circumstances of each incident are being thoroughly investigated, and we await the findings. All government, security, and law enforcement authorities must use every means at their disposal to investigate thoroughly, apprehend these lawbreakers, and bring them to justice with the fullest extent of the law.

Herzog concluded his conversation by offering Levine and her family his support and wishing her a complete recovery.

“We all embrace you and your family, and on behalf of the entire nation, I wish you good health and a speedy recovery.”

The assault occurred Friday near Abu Falah, northeast of Ramallah, where Levine was documenting confrontations involving Palestinian olive harvesters and masked Israelis. According to Levine and eyewitnesses, the attackers knocked her to the ground and repeatedly kicked her despite her wearing a protective vest clearly identifying her as a journalist.

Levine suffered serious injuries, including fractured bones and damage to her hand that required surgery. Her cameras and other personal belongings were reportedly taken during the attack. She initially received treatment in Ramallah before being transferred for further medical care.

The incident drew strong condemnation from US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee, who demanded that those responsible be arrested and prosecuted. Secretary of State Marco Rubio also expressed concern, saying the Trump administration had repeatedly urged Israel to crack down on such violence.

The separate confrontation in Taybeh involved a visiting delegation that included representatives from Belgium, France and Poland, along with Catholic officials. Israeli authorities launched an investigation, while the Prime Minister’s Office cautioned against reaching conclusions before the circumstances had been fully established.

Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu also addressed the recent incidents, condemning violence by Jewish extremists and announcing that he had enlisted the Shin Bet to help combat the problem.

Herzog’s call came as Israeli police continued investigating the attack on Levine and the events in Taybeh, with growing demands from Israeli and American officials that those responsible be brought to justice.

A massive collection of confidential Israeli war cabinet records has exposed repeated confrontations between Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and the country’s most senior military and intelligence officials, revealing sharp disagreements over major wartime decisions, including the invasion of Rafah, the campaign against Hezbollah, the killing of Hassan Nasrallah, military operations in Syria and renewed fighting in Gaza.

The documents, disclosed in a report by i24NEWS, portray a prime minister frequently pressing for aggressive military action despite objections from senior defense officials who warned of operational dangers, diplomatic repercussions and potential damage to Israel’s relationship with the United States.

The revelations are based on approximately 1,000 documents containing records of security cabinet meetings and other high-level discussions spanning several years. Netanyahu reportedly submitted the material to the State Comptroller in connection with an investigation that was subsequently suspended by the Supreme Court.

The published accounts are not necessarily word-for-word transcripts of the conversations. Rather, they are presented as summaries reflecting the positions expressed by participants and the nature of the exchanges.

One of the most consequential confrontations described in the documents occurred in May 2024, as Israel prepared to launch its long-debated military operation in Rafah, the southern Gaza city that had become a major Hamas stronghold.

At the time, President Joe Biden’s administration was exerting substantial pressure on Israel to abandon or limit the offensive, warning that an operation in Rafah could jeopardize American military assistance.

During a May 2 cabinet discussion, then-Defense Minister Yoav Gallant reportedly warned that Israel faced a difficult choice between proceeding into Rafah and preserving crucial American support.

Netanyahu rejected the suggestion that Washington’s opposition should determine Israel’s military strategy. He reportedly reminded the ministers that Biden had previously warned Israel it might have to act without American assistance if it proceeded with the operation.

Ronen Bar, then director of the Shin Bet, also expressed opposition to launching the offensive at the expense of a major confrontation with Washington. Gadi Eisenkot, who was serving as a minister in the war cabinet, similarly warned against damaging relations with the Biden administration.

Netanyahu, however, argued that Israel could not allow outside pressure, even from its closest ally, to dictate decisions affecting its national security. According to the report, he maintained that Israel needed to preserve its freedom to act independently when confronting threats to its survival.

Israel ultimately launched the Rafah operation, capturing the Rafah border crossing with Egypt and establishing control over the Philadelphi Corridor, the strategically important strip of territory along the Gaza-Egypt border.

The IDF subsequently dismantled Hamas’ Rafah Brigade and dealt significant blows to the terrorist organization’s infrastructure in southern Gaza. The campaign also played a role in the broader effort to eliminate Hamas’ senior leadership, culminating in the killing of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar.

The leaked records also describe disputes over the concessions Israel should consider during negotiations for the release of hostages held by Hamas.

Among the proposals discussed were an Israeli withdrawal from the Philadelphi Corridor, relinquishing control of the Rafah crossing and reducing the military’s presence in territories captured during the war.

Gallant reportedly argued that Rafah should not be regarded as an indispensable national asset comparable to the Kosel or Har Chermon, suggesting that Israel could consider territorial concessions there if they helped secure an agreement.

Eisenkot likewise questioned whether maintaining a permanent Israeli-controlled buffer zone inside Gaza would provide meaningful long-term security benefits.

According to the documents, Eisenkot challenged the strategic value of retaining an area amounting to approximately 20% of the Gaza Strip, including agricultural territory, arguing that such a deployment might impose substantial costs without delivering a corresponding security advantage.

Despite the disagreements within Israel’s leadership, the report states that Hamas ultimately withdrew from the possibility of reaching an agreement during that stage of negotiations, irrespective of the Israeli positions under consideration.

Another major series of confrontations involved Israel’s escalating military campaign against Hezbollah in Lebanon and the decision to eliminate the terrorist organization’s longtime leader, Hassan Nasrallah.

The records indicate that Bar advocated using the damage already inflicted on Hezbollah as leverage to secure a broader ceasefire arrangement that could also help bring an end to fighting in Gaza.

Bar reportedly believed that Israel’s operations had inflicted a particularly severe psychological blow on Hezbollah, even if the damage had not yet decisively destroyed the organization’s military capabilities.

Before the assassination of Nasrallah, Bar allegedly argued against proceeding with the operation, contending that killing the Hezbollah leader at that stage would not advance Israel’s immediate strategic interests.

Instead, the Shin Bet chief favored exploring a diplomatic arrangement, even if reaching a ceasefire required Israel to accept certain security risks.

Netanyahu took a sharply different position, arguing that Israel should maintain military pressure and expand its offensive against Hezbollah rather than stop short of delivering a decisive blow.

According to the report, Netanyahu succeeded in securing sufficient cabinet backing to proceed with the expanded campaign despite reservations from senior members of the security establishment.

Israel subsequently carried out its extraordinary operation involving explosive pagers used by Hezbollah personnel, followed by the assassination of Nasrallah in Beirut and additional strikes that severely weakened the terrorist organization.

The campaign ultimately led to a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Lebanon that took effect on November 27, 2024.

The documents also provide a detailed account of disagreements following the collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s government in Syria, when Israeli leaders faced urgent decisions about securing the northern border and preventing hostile forces from taking control of strategic territory.

Then-IDF Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Herzi Halevi reportedly opposed moving too quickly into Syrian territory, warning that an operation launched without sufficient preparation could create unnecessary military and logistical complications.

Halevi was particularly skeptical about the need to occupy the summit of Har Chermon, arguing that maintaining a permanent Israeli military presence there would be difficult and might not provide enough additional security to justify the commitment.

Instead, he reportedly recommended monitoring the territory and maintaining operational control from a distance, avoiding the complications of physically holding additional Syrian territory.

Netanyahu dismissed that approach, arguing that Assad’s sudden downfall had created a dangerous security vacuum that Israel needed to address immediately.

According to the records, the prime minister demanded that the IDF secure strategically important positions and establish a defensive zone extending from the Har Chermon summit toward the Yarmouk region.

Although Halevi continued raising concerns about the operational implications, Netanyahu insisted that Israel could not afford to delay its response while the political and military situation in Syria remained unstable.

Another extraordinary revelation concerns a direct telephone conversation between Netanyahu and Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa during the deadly attacks against Druze communities in the Sweida region in July 2025.

According to additional details published by i24NEWS, the conversation occurred on July 16, 2025, at approximately 1:30 p.m., amid reports of killings and attacks against Druze civilians.

Netanyahu reportedly opened the discussion by accusing Syrian government forces of participating in atrocities against the Druze and warning that messages previously delivered through intermediaries had not produced the necessary response.

The Israeli prime minister then demanded that Syrian forces withdraw from Sweida by 10 p.m. that evening, threatening further Israeli military strikes if his ultimatum was ignored.

Al-Sharaa reportedly expressed surprise at the confrontational nature of the call, indicating that he had expected a different discussion.

The Syrian president attempted to explain that coordinating an immediate withdrawal would be difficult because of the challenges involved in communicating with all the forces operating in the area.

When al-Sharaa requested 48 hours to arrange the withdrawal, Netanyahu refused, insisting that Syrian forces begin pulling out before any additional time could be considered.

The confrontation was followed within hours by Israeli airstrikes against high-profile Syrian government targets in Damascus, including the presidential palace complex and the headquarters of the Syrian military’s General Staff.

According to the report, al-Sharaa subsequently ordered Syrian government forces to withdraw from the area.

Netanyahu publicly discussed the previously undisclosed conversation at a gathering with members of Israel’s Druze community on Thursday, describing his intervention as brief and forceful and crediting the combination of military strikes and direct pressure with helping halt the killings.

The revelations about Syria provide another example of the pattern described throughout the documents: senior military officials expressing reservations about rapid intervention while Netanyahu argued that immediate action was essential to prevent more dangerous developments.

The reported disagreements did not end with the departure of Halevi and other senior security officials. The documents also describe serious tensions between Netanyahu and the current IDF chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Eyal Zamir, during discussions in August 2026 about renewed military operations in Gaza.

Those deliberations centered on Operation Gideon’s Chariots II and plans for a major Israeli advance into Gaza, including an operation to enter and encircle the area.

Zamir reportedly warned that the proposed timetable placed Israeli soldiers at unacceptable risk, arguing that the operation, as then planned, could expose troops to a deadly trap.

The chief of staff questioned whether the military could safely accomplish its objectives under the schedule being demanded by the political leadership.

Netanyahu rejected those objections, maintaining that the operation was achievable and that the IDF possessed the capabilities necessary to carry it out successfully.

Zamir also raised concerns about the humanitarian and diplomatic consequences of the proposed offensive, particularly the anticipated need to evacuate approximately one million residents.

With Israel already facing mounting international criticism over the war in Gaza, the chief of staff reportedly warned that such a large-scale operation could further damage the country’s diplomatic standing and intensify pressure from foreign governments.

Netanyahu nevertheless pressed ahead with the proposed military plan, insisting that Israeli forces enter Gaza and complete the encirclement.

According to the report, the subsequent military campaign, together with Israel’s strike in Qatar, helped create conditions that ultimately advanced negotiations for a hostage agreement.

The collection of documents reportedly extends beyond these confrontations and includes discussions concerning Operation Rising Lion, Operation Roaring Lion and other significant military and diplomatic decisions made during the war.

The records have also emerged amid a broader political dispute over Netanyahu’s presentation of security discussions to the State Comptroller. Separate reporting earlier this month raised questions about whether some materials submitted by the prime minister accurately reflected the original discussions and warnings that preceded the October 7 massacre. Netanyahu’s Likud party rejected those allegations as politically motivated.

The newly publicized cabinet discussions present a striking account of the tensions that repeatedly emerged between Israel’s elected leadership and its senior defense establishment throughout the war.

On questions ranging from the American response to an offensive in Rafah to the strategic value of eliminating Nasrallah, the occupation of Syrian territory and the dangers of another major Gaza operation, Netanyahu and his security chiefs frequently reached sharply different conclusions about the proper course of action.

The records portray Netanyahu repeatedly favoring more extensive or immediate military measures, while senior officials urged restraint, questioned whether the proposed operations would achieve their objectives and warned about the consequences for Israeli soldiers and the country’s international relationships.

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