Anthony Fauci shocked lawmakers Wednesday by repeatedly invoking his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination at the outset of a Senate hearing examining the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although Fauci declined to answer questions, the nearly four-hour hearing continued as Republican and Democratic senators pressed their respective cases.
Republicans on the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, led by Chairman Rand Paul (R-Ky.), focused on Fauci’s handling of the pandemic, the origins of COVID-19, his role in promoting lockdowns, and federal support for gain-of-function research conducted overseas.
Democrats, meanwhile, criticized the hearing itself, arguing it was politically motivated. Ranking Member Gary Peters (D-Mich.) accused Paul of shutting minority members out of the committee’s investigative process and planning.
At the close of the hearing, Paul announced plans to initiate contempt of Congress proceedings against Fauci and also questioned the scope of the sweeping pardon President Joe Biden granted him in January 2025.
“Dr. Fauci isn’t liable for anything as long as he tells the truth, even if he admits that he destroyed records on a routine basis,” Paul suggested, adding that the ex-NIAID official “can’t be prosecuted for many of the things that are outside the statute of limitations as well.”
Here are the five biggest moments from Fauci’s testimony:
1. Fauci Invoked the Fifth 111 Times, Including Questions About CIA Funding
Throughout the hearing, Fauci declined to answer at least 111 questions by invoking the Fifth Amendment, refusing to respond to inquiries involving the origins of COVID-19, U.S. funding of gain-of-function research in China, and other issues.
One of the more striking exchanges came when Paul asked whether the CIA had ever provided funding to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Later in the hearing, Paul said the committee had obtained documents describing an agreement between the two agencies.
Fauci also declined to answer questions concerning his former senior adviser, David Morens, who has pleaded not guilty to charges involving the concealment and destruction of federal records. Paul further questioned Fauci about allegations that personal phones and private email accounts had been used to avoid public records requirements.
“Our investigation reveals your assistant diligently reported that she deleted tons of emails in 2024. You testified that you did not delete federal records. Who’s telling the truth?” Paul asked at one point.
“On February 2nd, 2020,” he added, citing an email exchange, “you told Francis Collins, ‘Please delete this email after you read it.’”
2. Rand Paul Ordered Fauci’s Attorney Removed From the Hearing
Tensions escalated when Paul instructed Capitol Police to escort Fauci’s attorney, David Schertler, from the hearing room after the lawyer repeatedly attempted to interrupt the proceedings.
It was not immediately clear whether Schertler was trying to read from a letter he had previously sent to Paul—a letter later referenced by Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.)—but his attempts to interject prompted an angry response from the committee chairman.
“I’ve said my piece,” Schertler told Paul.
Paul fired back, “This is the way Anthony Fauci wants to be remembered: For a lawyer not listening to the rules. That’s the way you want to be remembered, and that’s what you’re going to do.”
“Would you allow me to make a short statement?” Schertler asked in response.
“You are not recognized, sir,” Paul said. “Security, please remove him from the room.”
Schertler is a well-known defense attorney who has also represented President Joe Biden’s physician as well as former Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.).
3. Republican Senators Blasted Fauci Over Lockdowns and Pandemic Policies
Several Republican members of the committee used their questioning time to accuse Fauci of promoting policies that they said devastated families, shuttered schools, damaged businesses, and led to unnecessary arrests.
Sen. Bernie Moreno (R-Ohio) recalled the case of an Ohio family that attended a high school football game during the pandemic.
“There was a mom in Ohio during the depth of the coronavirus pandemic, decided to go to our high school football game for her son. They hadn’t been out much,” Sen. Bernie Moreno (R-Ohio) recounted. “They sat alone, far from everybody else — just a mom, a dad, a few kids. They didn’t feel they needed to wear masks because it was stupid, because they were outside.”
“They were dragged out of that stadium and arrested,” Moreno fumed.
“When that story broke, I said to myself, I cannot stand idly on the side and watch this happen. It was about six years ago today that I decided I’m going to give up my businesses, sell them all, run for office, run for the United States Senate,” he added. “Here I am sitting in front of you six years later saying, who the f–k do you think you were for doing that?”
Sen. Ashley Moody (R-Fla.) focused on Fauci’s recently released NIAID diaries, which she argued contradicted his public insistence that he never recommended nationwide lockdowns.
“‘I spoke with Bill de Blasio, the mayor of NYC, and convinced him, based on what I was saying publicly and my conversation tonight to close the NYC schools, he had already decided, based on what I was saying on TV. I went on to tell him he should close the bars and restaurants in NYC, and he said he would do this based on my recommendation,’” Moody quoted from the diary entry.
“You even said that you told the president we should shut the whole country down,” she added. “Dr. Fauci, how do you square telling the American people publicly that you didn’t recommend locking anything down with your own diary entry, kept on federal government equipment, saying that your recommendation is what convinced the mayor and the president to lock things down.”
4. Hawley Accused Fauci of Using Government Staff to Pursue Personal Cash Awards
Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) alleged that Fauci improperly used federal employees and government resources to help secure more than $1 million in prize money and awards during his tenure as NIAID director.
“You were using federal employees, with taxpayer money, to apply for and solicit cash prizes for you personally — cash prizes totaling over $1 million,” Hawley scolded Fauci.
“Besides the Dan David Award, you’ve got the Partnership for Public Service, you’ve got the Adelson Prize, you’ve got the Smithsonian Award, you’ve got the National Academy of Medicine’s award, you got the CDC Foundation,” Hawley added.
“In fact, you use eight separate federal employees, on federal time, using federal resources, to solicit cash awards. Isn’t that true?” asked Hawley.
Fauci again invoked the Fifth Amendment and declined to answer.
5. Joni Ernst Pressed Fauci on Research Using Aborted Fetal Tissue
Sen. Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) confronted Fauci over National Institutes of Health-funded coronavirus research involving aborted fetal tissue, describing the experiments as deeply disturbing.
According to Ernst, researchers led by Dr. Ralph Baric at the University of North Carolina implanted tissue from aborted human fetuses into laboratory mice as part of coronavirus research.
“NIH-funded coronavirus researcher Dr. Ralph Baric and his colleagues at UNC put parts of livers, thymus and chunks of human fetal lung that they got from aborted, almost five-month-old human babies,” Ernst said. “They put those parts in their research mice. They disgustingly named them ‘BLT-L’ mice, and wrote they had created a ‘sandwich of aborted body parts in the mice.’”
“Get it folks? BLT, a BLT sandwich,” Ernst emphasized. “Thankfully, the current NIH director has said no more of this. Dr. Fauci, yes or no? Do you think that human aborted parts should be put into mice for coronavirus research?” she asked.
Fauci did not answer the question, again invoking his Fifth Amendment rights.
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