Chewing gum could eventually disappear from store shelves across New Jersey under sweeping new legislation that would prohibit the sale of certain everyday products containing or releasing microplastics, including some chewing gum, tea bags, cosmetics, cleaning supplies, and other household items.
The proposal, known as the Protecting Against Microplastics Act, was introduced on September 14 by Democratic Assemblywomen Shama Haider of Bergen County and Margie Donlon of Monmouth County. The measure would establish new labeling requirements for products containing microscopic plastic particles before eventually prohibiting the sale of several categories of products that contain or release the substances.
The legislation, Assembly Bill A5452, comes amid growing scientific concern over microplastics, tiny particles that have been detected in drinking water, food, blood, and various human tissues. Researchers have been investigating whether repeated exposure to these particles poses long-term health risks, although many questions about their effects on human health remain unanswered.
One of the most attention-grabbing provisions concerns chewing gum, a product consumed daily by millions of Americans.
Researchers have found that chewing gum can release hundreds or even thousands of microscopic plastic particles into saliva during chewing, raising concerns that consumers may unknowingly swallow those particles.
A study presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society earlier this year found that both synthetic and natural chewing gums released microplastic particles during chewing. Researchers observed that much of the release occurred during the first several minutes, with additional particles released as chewing continued.
The findings have attracted attention because many popular chewing gums contain synthetic polymers that give the product its familiar elastic texture.
Under the proposed New Jersey law, chewing gum containing intentionally added microplastics, or capable of generating certain secondary microplastics, could eventually be prohibited from being sold in the state.
The legislation does not specifically ban all chewing gum. Rather, it targets products containing or generating microplastics as defined by the bill, meaning that gum manufacturers could potentially continue selling products that meet the proposed requirements.
Tea bags are another product specifically identified in the legislation.
Certain tea bags are manufactured using plastic-based materials or contain plastic components that help maintain their shape and durability. Research has suggested that some of these products can release microscopic plastic particles when exposed to hot water, potentially allowing consumers to ingest the particles along with their tea.
The legislation also covers coffee grounds, talcum powder, pet food, cosmetics, and products that may be swallowed, inhaled, or applied to the face.
Cleaning supplies and a broad range of food-related products would also face new regulations.
Plastic plates, disposable forks and knives, food containers, and other foodware would be subject to labeling requirements if they contain intentionally added microplastics or materials capable of releasing them.
However, the bill makes an important distinction between foodware and other covered products. Although foodware would be subject to disclosure and labeling requirements, it is excluded from the legislation’s eventual sales prohibition.
The proposal would be implemented gradually rather than immediately removing affected products from stores.
During the first year after enactment, manufacturers of covered products would be required to disclose the presence of intentionally added microplastics or the potential for their products to generate secondary microplastics.
Beginning two years after enactment, affected products would have to carry a more explicit warning in both English and Spanish stating, “This product contains microplastics.”
The warning would also have to appear in online product listings, extending the disclosure requirements to internet retailers selling products to New Jersey consumers.
Manufacturers would additionally be prohibited from marketing products as free of microplastics if the substances had been intentionally added during production.
Three years after the law takes effect, the sale of certain cleaning products, cosmetics, and potentially ingestible products containing or generating covered microplastics would be prohibited.
The legislation includes an exception for technically unavoidable trace quantities, meaning that manufacturers would not necessarily face penalties for minute contamination that cannot reasonably be eliminated.
If approved, the measure could have far-reaching implications for retailers, manufacturers, and distributors doing business in New Jersey.
Supermarkets, pharmacies, convenience stores, and other businesses could be required to review their inventories and remove products that fail to comply with the new standards.
Manufacturers could also face pressure to reformulate products or modify packaging to continue selling them in the state.
The proposal would give the New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs authority to investigate violations, conduct audits, and impose financial penalties.
Civil administrative penalties could range from $1,000 to $20,000 per violation, with additional enforcement measures available for continuing violations.
The bill also proposes spending $3 million on microplastics-related initiatives, including $2.5 million for environmental research, monitoring, and programs designed to reduce microplastic contamination, and $500,000 for enforcement activities.
Supporters of stronger microplastics regulations argue that government intervention is necessary because microscopic plastic particles have become increasingly widespread in the environment and are difficult for consumers to avoid.
Microplastics can originate from the breakdown of larger plastic items, synthetic clothing fibers, industrial processes, packaging materials, and numerous other sources.
Scientists have detected the particles in oceans, rivers, drinking water, soil, and food products, prompting growing interest in their potential effects on human health.
At the same time, researchers caution that detecting microplastics in the human body does not, by itself, establish that the particles cause particular diseases. Additional research is needed to determine the risks associated with different types, sizes, and concentrations of plastic particles.
The legislation also raises questions about how broadly the proposed restrictions would be applied, particularly because the bill covers products capable of generating secondary microplastics rather than limiting its provisions to products with deliberately added plastic particles.
That distinction could significantly expand the number of consumer goods affected by the measure.
For New Jersey residents, the proposal could ultimately change which brands and varieties of familiar products remain available in stores, although no immediate restrictions have taken effect.
The Assembly bill has been referred to the Assembly Environment and Solid Waste Committee, where lawmakers may consider testimony, amendments, and questions about implementation before deciding whether to advance it.
A companion measure, Senate Bill S4836, sponsored by Democratic State Senator Linda Greenstein, was introduced on October 15 and referred to the Senate Environment and Energy Committee.
Both chambers would have to approve the legislation before it could be sent to Governor Mikie Sherrill for consideration.
For now, New Jersey residents can continue purchasing chewing gum, tea bags, and other products covered by the proposal.
But if the legislation eventually becomes law, some of the most familiar products found in supermarket checkout aisles, kitchen cabinets, and bathroom drawers could face new warning labels and, in certain cases, disappear from store shelves altogether.
The proposal remains in its early legislative stages, and neither an implementation date nor a final ban has been established. The chewing-gum research cited in coverage of the proposal was presented in March 2025, rather than earlier in 2026.