The Israel Democracy Institute on Sunday published the 2025 Statistical Yearbook of Chareidi Society, marking the tenth annual edition of the comprehensive report. The yearbook was edited by Dr. Gilad Malach and Dr. Lee Cahaner, research fellows in the Institute’s Program on Chareidi Society in Israel, which operates under the Jacobs Center for a Shared Society headed by attorney Shlomit Ravitzky Tur-Paz.
The report presents an updated snapshot of chareidi society in 2025, alongside an in-depth review of trends over the past decade and, in some areas, the decade preceding it. Long-term analysis points to a widening gap between chareidi women and men: while women continue to advance in education, employment, and professional training, chareidi men have experienced near-complete stagnation in employment rates and integration into a broader range of occupations.
Demographics: A Remarkably Young Population
Israel’s chareidi population now numbers approximately 1,452,350 people, accounting for about 14.3% of the country’s population. It is among the youngest populations in the world, with 57% aged 19 or younger. While only about 4% of chareidim are over age 65, roughly 22% of Israel’s entire population under 19 is chareidi.
This age structure places sustained and growing pressure on the education system, labor market, and welfare services—pressures expected to intensify in the coming decades. Fertility rates remain exceptionally high, averaging 6.5 children per woman, with no significant change over the past decade, helping to explain the community’s rapid demographic growth.
Education System: Continued Expansion
Over the past decade, the chareidi education system has expanded at an average annual rate of 3.7%. In the 2024–2025 school year, approximately 420,000 students were enrolled, representing 21% of all students in Israel and 27% of those in the Hebrew education system. About 31% of first-grade students in Hebrew education are enrolled in chareidi schools.
A decade ago, chareidi enrollment stood at around 290,000 students, comprising 24% of Hebrew education. Today, 62.5% of chareidi students attend network schools, 8.5% are in recognized but unofficial institutions, 21% in exempt institutions, and 7.5% in state-chareidi schools.
Eligibility for matriculation certificates among chareidi students has risen from 10% a decade ago to 16% today, though this remains far below the 85% eligibility rate in state and state-religious education.
Yeshivos and Kollelim: Rapid Growth, Statistical Gaps
In 2023, the number of unmarried yeshiva students and married kollel yungeleit over age 18 stood at 169,366. This figure has nearly doubled over a decade, rising from about 92,500 in 2013, an increase of 83%, with annual growth exceeding 6%, faster than overall chareidi population growth.
In 2024, however, official figures showed a sharp decline in registered yeshiva students and kollel scholars. The report explains that roughly 70,000 yeshiva bochurim and avreichim aged 18–27 who are liable for military service are no longer state-funded and therefore do not appear in Ministry of Education records. The official 2024 figure of 109,601 students, more than half of whom are over age 31, is thus considered incomplete.
Military and National Service: Numbers Mask Reality
Over the past decade, the number of chareidim entering military or civilian service has largely stagnated. In 2024, 3,060 graduates of the chareidi education system entered service, only slightly fewer than the 3,710 recorded in 2014. Given rapid population growth, this represents a real decline of about 25%.
At the same time, 2024 saw a 51% increase in enlistment compared to the previous year, likely influenced by the war and expanded draft obligations. Of those entering service, 2,560 joined the IDF and 500 entered national civilian service.
Notably, 55% of those enlisting in the IDF were placed in general, non-chareidi frameworks, while only 45% joined chareidi-adapted tracks, suggesting that many recruits classified as chareidi are in fact formerly chareidi. Combat placement rates were 40% in general tracks compared to 30% in chareidi tracks. Most civilian service participants begin only after age 24, a pattern unchanged for a decade.
Higher Education and Professional Training
In the 2024–2025 academic year, 18,953 chareidi students were enrolled in higher education, accounting for 5.5% of all students in Israel. Growth in recent years has slowed to about 4% annually, with most increases seen in advanced degree programs.
One notable bright spot is technological vocational training through the National Institute for Technological Training (MAHAT). By 2024, 9,600 chareidim were enrolled in these programs—three times the number in 2014. Growth has accelerated to about 17% annually over the past five years, a rate unmatched in other areas of chareidi higher education.
Employment in 2025
Employment rates in 2025 stood at 53% for chareidi men and 81% for chareidi women. Chareidi men work an average of 36.5 hours per week, compared to 45 hours for non-chareidi Jewish men, while chareidi women average 32 hours, compared to 38.5 hours among non-chareidi Jewish women.
About 30% of chareidi men work in education, while only 3.5% are employed in high-tech, reflecting little change over the past decade. Among women, 42.5% work in education, similar to levels ten years ago.
Wage gaps remain stark. The average monthly salary for a chareidi man is 9,929 shekels, roughly 49% of that earned by a non-chareidi Jewish man. Chareidi women earn an average of 8,617 shekels, about 67% of their non-chareidi counterparts.
Living Standards and Poverty
About 33% of chareidi families and 45% of chareidi children live below the poverty line, compared to 14% and 13%, respectively, among non-chareidi Jewish families. Still, this marks an improvement from 2015, when 39% of chareidi families were below the poverty line.
Average monthly household income among chareidim is 14,816 shekels, compared to 24,466 shekels for non-chareidi Jewish households. The relative income gap has widened slightly over the past decade.
Despite lower incomes, 75% of chareidim own their homes, slightly higher than the 72% rate among non-chareidi Jews. However, only 50% own a car, compared to 82% of non-chareidi Jews, reflecting ongoing disparities in mobility and access to employment.
Financial Behavior and Preparedness
The report highlights significant differences in financial behavior. Chareidim are more likely to carry mortgages and loans, save less, and rely on low-yield savings vehicles. They are also less prepared for financial emergencies and retirement, with lower rates of private insurance coverage and pension planning.
Reliance on family support networks is higher, with 59% of chareidim turning to family during financial distress, compared to 37% of non-chareidi Jews. Use of interest-free community loan funds is also far more common.
Researchers’ Conclusions
Dr. Malach and Dr. Cahaner concluded that the data reflect a decade of stagnation and even regression in the integration of chareidi men, following a previous decade of progress. Employment rates, income levels, occupational diversity, and enlistment figures have all failed to advance, even as the number of yeshiva students and avreichim has grown rapidly.
By contrast, chareidi women continue to show steady integration into education and employment, though income levels remain low. The researchers point to expanding technological training, higher education, and increased internet use as potential foundations for future integration, if leveraged effectively.
{Matzav.com}