Michael Smuss, One of the Last Survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Passes Away at 99
Michael Smuss, one of the last remaining fighters from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, passed away this week at the age of 99.
Born in 1926 in Gdańsk, Poland, Smuss later moved to Łódź and then Warsaw. In 1940, he was among the hundreds of thousands of Jews imprisoned within the walls of the Warsaw Ghetto. Initially home to about 380,000 Jews, the population eventually swelled to nearly half a million, crowded into inhumane conditions. Disease and starvation were rampant, and bodies were often seen lying in the streets, Ynet reported.
Smuss joined the Jewish underground resistance in the ghetto, becoming part of a fighting group led by Mordechai Anielewicz. While working refurbishing helmets of German soldiers returning from the front, he gained access to a thinning chemical that could be used to make Molotov cocktails. Smuss stole as much as he could and secretly delivered it to the underground.
“We filled bottles and placed them on the rooftops near the ghetto entrance,” Smuss recalled in a 2022 video for the Sumter County Museum in South Carolina, which showcased his artwork. “We hoped that when they came in, we’d be able to throw them down.”
When the Nazis stormed the ghetto on April 19, 1943, with the intention of destroying it completely, hundreds of Jewish fighters rose up in resistance. That day, Smuss himself hurled Molotov cocktails at Nazi soldiers from the rooftops, according to his relative Paul Diederich, who lives in Germany and spent several months with Smuss in Israel earlier this year.
He was among the few fighters to survive nearly a month of fierce combat. Captured by the Nazis, Smuss was sent toward Treblinka, but, according to Diederich, the guards sent him back because they needed laborers. He was later transferred between several concentration camps and ultimately survived the death march in the spring of 1945.
In a January interview with Israel’s Ministry of Welfare and Social Services, Smuss recounted:
“In April 1945, they took us on a death march that lasted seven days and nights… in the rain, without food. When we reached the village of Stammsried, a few of us escaped to a farm. The old German farmer gave us milk to drink — after seven days and nights of nothing but rainwater. I drank the milk, fainted, and woke up in an American army ambulance. That was my second birth — once in Danzig, and once in Stammsried.”
After the war, Smuss immigrated to the United States, where he built a family. Years later, he moved to Israel, where he began a profound journey of processing his Holocaust experiences through art. There, he met his second wife, Ruti, who became his partner in life and inspiration.
“From that moment, Michael began to express his experiences through art and traveled to schools in Germany to show the descendants of his persecutors the unimaginable,” Diederich said. “Despite everything he endured, he kept his unmistakable sense of humor. Even at 99, he smiled and laughed with me.”
In recent years, Smuss lived in Ramat Gan.
{Matzav.com}
