MILLIONS RELEASED: Rubio Releases $320 Million in Military Aid to Egypt, Citing Cairo’s Cooperation Against Iran
Secretary of State Marco Rubio has authorized the release of $320 million in U.S. military assistance to Egypt that had been held back because of human rights concerns, with the Trump administration citing Cairo’s growing security cooperation with Washington and its role in diplomatic efforts surrounding the ongoing conflict with Iran.
The State Department confirmed Thursday that Rubio exercised his authority to waive the human rights conditions attached to the funding “in the interest of US national security.”
In explaining the move, the department pointed to “the importance of Egypt to US national security interests, and the concrete security cooperation Egypt provides to the United States.”
The decision frees up hundreds of millions of dollars in Foreign Military Financing, the U.S. program that allows allied and partner governments to purchase American-made weapons, equipment and other defense-related material.
The most notable element of the administration’s justification, however, was Egypt’s involvement in efforts surrounding Iran.
In a notification sent to Congress, Rubio specifically cited Egypt’s “helpful role” in the conflict with Iran, according to The Associated Press. Cairo has emerged as an intermediary in U.S.-Iranian contacts aimed at bringing an end to the war, which has now continued for more than seven months.
Egypt’s position has given Cairo unusual diplomatic importance. President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi’s government maintains relationships and channels of communication across competing blocs in the Middle East, while Egypt’s control of the Suez Canal and its longstanding military relationship with Washington give it substantial strategic importance to the United States.
The administration’s decision does not mean Washington is dropping its concerns about Egypt’s human rights record. The State Department said those issues will continue to be raised with Egyptian officials as part of discussions encompassing “the full range of issues in our bilateral relationship.”
But U.S. officials said the current security environment and the importance of maintaining close military cooperation with Egypt ultimately outweighed the concerns that had caused the money to be restricted.
The $320 million is part of the roughly $1.3 billion in military assistance that the United States has traditionally provided Egypt each year, a relationship dating back decades to the American-brokered peace agreement between Egypt and Israel.
Egypt has remained one of the largest recipients of American military assistance in the world. Much of the aid is provided through Foreign Military Financing rather than as cash that Cairo can freely spend, meaning the funding is generally used to purchase U.S. defense equipment and services.
Congress has nevertheless attached conditions to portions of the assistance in an effort to pressure Cairo over human rights. American government reports over the years have documented allegations of torture, arbitrary detention, severe restrictions on political opposition and freedom of expression, and other abuses.
Those conditions have repeatedly produced tension between Washington’s human rights policies and the strategic importance successive administrations have placed on maintaining the American-Egyptian security relationship.
Presidents of both parties have frequently resolved that conflict by invoking national-security waivers permitting aid to move forward despite Egypt’s failure to satisfy all of the human rights benchmarks established by Congress.
The Biden administration took that approach in September 2024, approving the full amount of military assistance available to Egypt and invoking a waiver for funding subject to human rights conditions. At the time, Washington emphasized Cairo’s role in negotiations aimed at ending the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, securing the release of hostages and facilitating humanitarian assistance.
That represented a change from earlier decisions under President Joe Biden. In 2022, his administration withheld $130 million in military assistance after determining that Egypt had failed to meet human rights requirements attached to the money.
The administration subsequently withheld another $130 million the following year over similar concerns, even as most American military assistance to Egypt continued.
The longstanding debate over the aid has repeatedly forced U.S. administrations to weigh concerns about Al-Sisi’s domestic policies against Egypt’s strategic value.
Cairo is a key American defense partner, controls the Suez Canal — one of the world’s most strategically important shipping routes — maintains a peace treaty with Israel and has frequently served as a mediator during regional conflicts.
The relationship has also experienced periods of significant strain.
Following the Egyptian military’s 2013 removal of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi, the Obama administration suspended delivery of some military equipment and assistance to Cairo. The restrictions were later eased, and military aid was restored as Washington sought to rebuild security ties with the Egyptian government.
Relations became considerably warmer during President Trump’s first term. Al-Sisi publicly welcomed Trump’s election in 2016 and expressed optimism that the incoming administration would deepen American involvement and cooperation in the Middle East.
Trump and Al-Sisi subsequently developed a close working relationship, with the two governments cooperating on counterterrorism, regional security and diplomatic issues even as human rights organizations continued criticizing Egypt’s treatment of political opponents and detainees.
Egypt’s importance to Washington has increased further amid the current regional turmoil, particularly because of its involvement in diplomatic contacts related to Iran.
Rubio’s decision makes clear that, at least for now, the Trump administration considers that cooperation sufficiently important to override the congressional human rights restrictions on the $320 million.
The State Department stressed that the waiver does not amount to an endorsement of Egypt’s human rights practices. Instead, officials framed the decision as a national-security determination that preserving Washington’s military and diplomatic relationship with Cairo is especially important amid the extraordinary security challenges confronting the Middle East.
