Bright orange signs declaring restricted access—written in both English and Spanish—have begun to line the dry landscape of the New Mexico borderlands, where patches of tall grass and yucca break up fields of onions and arid ranches, all beneath the shadow of a towering border wall. These warnings, posted by the U.S. military, signal the creation of newly designated military zones, the AP reports.
Thousands of such signs now mark territory in New Mexico and western Texas, warning that entry is forbidden under the command of military leadership. This marks a dramatic escalation in the military’s involvement in border control efforts, granting military installations near the southern border sweeping oversight powers. Soldiers now have the authority to detain individuals crossing illegally—sidestepping traditional legal limits on military enforcement—under the justification of the border emergency declared by President Donald Trump on his first day in office.
Federal officials argue that these military-enforced zones are a crucial tool for closing security loopholes and combating human trafficking and violent drug cartels that operate across the border.
The expansion of military oversight has sparked significant legal battles and drawn harsh criticism from civil liberties groups, migrant advocates, and outdoor enthusiasts alike. Many object to being denied access to public lands while the military roams freely.
Abbey Carpenter, a volunteer involved in search-and-rescue missions for missing migrants, worries that restricted access in these scorching deserts could be costing lives. “Maybe there are more deaths, but we don’t know,” she said.
Currently, two such zones create a protective barrier across 230 miles of the border, beginning in Fort Hancock, Texas, stretching through El Paso, and continuing westward into the vast ranchlands of New Mexico.
Just last week, the Department of Defense announced an additional 250-mile buffer zone in Texas’s Rio Grande Valley and revealed plans to establish another in the area near Yuma, Arizona. Altogether, these zones would span nearly one-third of the U.S.-Mexico border.
More than 7,600 military personnel are stationed to monitor these regions, drastically increasing the government’s physical presence in the borderlands.
Locals in Luna County, New Mexico—a region known for its strong emphasis on individual freedoms—have expressed mixed reactions to the new military presence. While many residents back measures to halt illegal trafficking, others worry about federal overreach.
“We as a family have always been very supportive of the mission, and very supportive of border security,” said James Johnson, a fourth-generation farmer supervising workers harvesting onions, who earn $22 per crate. He noted that previous military deployments acted as extra “eyes and ears,” but this time, he said, the government is “trying to give some teeth.”
Outdoor access advocates, however, are uneasy. Ray Trejo, who works with the New Mexico Wildlife Federation and sits on the Luna County Commission, fears the implications for local traditions like hunting. “I don’t want to go down there with my hunting rifle and all of a sudden somebody rolls up on me and says that I’m in a military zone,” he said. “I don’t know if these folks have been taught to deescalate situations.”
Trejo, a retired ESL teacher, said that criminalizing people entering military areas feels morally wrong in a community built around immigrant labor. “If the Army, Border Patrol, law enforcement in general are detaining people for reasons of transporting, of human smuggling, I don’t have a problem,” he said. “But people are coming into our country to work, stepping now all of a sudden into a military zone, and they have no idea.”
According to Army spokeswoman Nicole Wieman, officials are in discussions about allowing controlled recreational access and ensuring continued rights to grazing and mining on private leases.
So far, over 1,400 migrants have been prosecuted for entering these military zones without authorization. The charge carries a potential 18-month sentence for first-time offenders, on top of a separate illegal entry charge that can add another six months in jail. Afterward, most are transferred to Customs and Border Protection for processing and likely removal. There have been no confirmed arrests of U.S. citizens under the policy.
At a federal court session in Las Cruces, New Mexico, migrants in jail-issued clothing and chains appeared before a judge to face charges. One 29-year-old woman from Guatemala, speaking through a Spanish interpreter, pleaded guilty to illegal entry. With insufficient proof for the trespassing charge, the judge dismissed it but sentenced her to two weeks in jail ahead of probable deportation. “She sells pottery, she’s a very simple woman with a sixth-grade education,” her public defender told the court. “She told me she’s going back and she’s going to stay there.”
Apprehensions by Border Patrol agents at the southern border have fallen to a six-decade low this year. In June, arrests were down 30% compared to the previous month. On June 28, only 137 people were taken into custody, a stark contrast to the record-setting daily totals—over 10,000—in late 2023.
The earliest of the military zones, established in April and May, span west of El Paso across industrial sites and grazing fields, reaching the outskirts of the small border town of Columbus, New Mexico, with its population of 1,450. The village has historic significance as the site of a deadly 1916 raid by Pancho Villa’s troops.
Today, Columbus is better known as a cross-border transit point for children with U.S. citizenship who live in nearby Mexican communities but attend school on the American side.
Columbus Mayor Philip Skinner, a Republican, said the impact so far has been minimal. “We’re kind of not tuned in to this national politics,” Skinner said, noting that military activity hasn’t disrupted daily life in town.
Military command for the zones is split between Fort Bliss in Texas and Fort Huachuca in Arizona. The strategy effectively avoids violating the Posse Comitatus Act, a law that bars the military from taking on civilian law enforcement roles on domestic soil.
Russell Johnson, who both ranches and previously served as a Border Patrol agent, said he supports the new military-controlled zones along the U.S.-Mexico boundary where his ranch abuts federal land. “We have seen absolutely almost everything imaginable that can happen on the border, and most of it’s bad,” he said, recounting wild vehicle chases and the discovery of deceased migrants on his land.
Back in April, Johnson said five armored military vehicles were stationed near a break in the border wall where construction had been halted at the beginning of President Biden’s term. But in recent weeks, he noted, the activity has waned. “The only thing that’s really changed is the little extra signage,” he said. “We’re not seeing the military presence out here like we kind of anticipated.”
Legal challenges are mounting against the military’s new oversight powers, especially in cases like that of a Mexican national arrested for passing through remote federally controlled land. Defense attorneys are arguing that the creation of these zones without congressional approval constitutes “a matter of staggering and unpreceded political significance.” A court decision has yet to be rendered.
While legal rulings on the constitutionality of the zones remain pending, court outcomes in trespassing cases have been mixed, with both guilty verdicts and acquittals rendered in different trials.
U.S. Attorney Ryan Ellison, the chief federal prosecutor in New Mexico, secured guilty verdicts in June against two immigrants who re-entered military zones after previously being warned. “There’s not going to be an issue as to whether or not they were on notice,” he said at a press briefing.
Rebecca Sheff, an attorney with the ACLU, criticized the government’s strategy, calling the military zones an experiment in harsher immigration enforcement. “To the extent the federal government has aspirations to establish a much more hostile military presence along the border, this is a vehicle that they’re pushing on to potentially do so…And that’s very concerning,” she said.
{Matzav.com}