In this episode, Rabbi Reinman contrasts Rechavam, the first king of Yehudah, and Yeravam, the first king of Yisrael, after the partition.
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Chapter Thirty: A Study of Two Kings
After Shlomo passed, his son Rechavam ascended to the throne. Rechavam did not possess a fraction of his father’s wisdom, and his rash actions immediately set into motion the fulfillment of the prophecy that the kingdom would be torn asunder.
For many years, there was an underlying tension between the ten northern shevatim and the southern shevatim of Yehudah and Binyamin. After Shaul was killed in battle, it took seven years of strife before they accepted the brilliant and charismatic David as the national king, but in the end, they embraced him. They also embraced his son Shlomo, the fabulously wise king who delivered wealth and status to his entire kingdom.
Rechavam, however, did not have any particularly extraordinary qualities. At most, he would be a caretaker king tasked with preserving the accomplishments of his predecessors, and the northern tribes were not confident that he would rise to even this challenge, let alone lead them to new heights. Nonetheless, with some reluctance, they agreed to accept Rechavam as their king, but they insisted that the coronation take place in Shechem, the principal city of the tribe of Ephraim.
Even before the coronation, they demanded that Rechavam ease the burden of taxes Shlomo had imposed on them. The counselors who had served Shlomo advised Rechavam to be prudent and conciliatory, but his hotheaded young friends urged him to assert his authority. Rechavam followed the advice of his friends and lost his kingdom. The ten northern tribes revolted, and after a narrow escape, Rechavam returned to Yerushalayim. The scheduled coronation never took place.
Israel was now split into two separate entities, the Kingdom of Yehudah in the south, comprised of the tribes of Yehudah and Binyamin, with its capital at Yerushalayim, and the Kingdom of Yisrael in the north, with its capital at Shechem. Rechavam was crowned as king of Yehudah in Yerushalayim. The Kingdom of Yisrael chose Yeravam ben Nevat of the tribe of Ephraim as its first monarch.
Yeravam ben Nevat, a brilliant scholar and a capable manager, was eminently suited for the responsibilities that come along with a royal crown. He was the foremost Torah sage of his time,[1] and he had also served under Shlomo as royal administrator of the tribes of Ephraim and Menasheh.[2] After the debacle of Shlomo’s pagan wives, the prophet Achiah of Shiloh had informed Yeravam that he would become the nagid[3] of the northern tribes, and now, the prophecy had come true.
The newly crowned Yeravam set about securing his realm and extending his royal power to all the tribes of the Kingdom of Yisrael. He transformed the provincial city of Shechem into a national capital. He built a royal palace, expanded the municipal boundaries and strengthened the fortifications. He undoubtedly looked forward to establishing a great royal dynasty, the House of Yeravam to rival the House of David, but he was faced with a problem.
Being that the Jewish people craved connection to God through the ritual sacrifice service, and being that the only place permitted for that service was the Bais Hamikdash in Yerushalayim, the people of the newly formed northern kingdom would have to travel to the capital city of the southern kingdom to bring their korbanos.
During the reign of Shlomo, they came to Yerushalayim from even the farther reaches of the land, but now that the kingdom was divided, Yeravam discerned a threat. By rule, only kings of the Davidic dynasty might sit in the Temple sanctuary; perhaps because they were spiritual exemplars and not just political functionaries. Therefore, when people from the north made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem during the annual Festivals, they would see King Yeravam standing while Rechavam was allowed to sit. Yeravam found this situation intolerable.
Why couldn’t Yeravam tolerate the requirement for him to remain standing even as Rechavam was allowed to be seated? It was because he saw the situation in the Temple sanctuary as a threat to his throne and to the continued independence of the northern kingdom …
Read full chapter and earlier chapters at www.rabbireinman.com.
[1] Sanhedrin 102a
[2] Redak, I Kings 11:26
[3] I Kings 14:7